There are no established causes for idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis, but it is likely to be multifactorial. Some consider it to be an autoimmune condition. The evidence is backed by the fact that the disease responds to immunosuppressants. Other hypotheses for this condition include allergy, due to this frequent association with Cow’s milk protein allergy, or genetic cause, due to the rare finding of familial clustering (but without any identified genes yet), and environmental factors such as its association with the fungi (Stachybotrys atra) exposure, or toxic insecticides (based on epidemiological studies in rural Greece), and premature birth.

• There are no established causes for idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis, but it is likely to be multifactorial. Some consider it to be an autoimmune condition. The evidence is backed by the fact that the disease responds to immunosuppressants. ^[1]
• Other hypotheses for this condition include allergy, due to this frequent association with Cow’s milk protein allergy, or genetic cause, due to the rare finding of familial clustering (but without any identified genes yet), and environmental factors such as its association with the fungi Stachybotrys atra exposure, or toxic insecticides (based on epidemiological studies in rural Greece), and premature birth.