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Reliable, easy-to-read patient information on common medical conditions — written in plain language, free of jargon, and grounded in current evidence. Browse the most frequent diagnoses, understand what they mean for everyday life, and learn which steps and questions help you have a focused conversation with your doctor.

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Hepatorenal syndrome epidemiology and demographics

Introduction

Overview

Overview

Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is common in cirrhotic patients.

Epidemiology and Demographics

Epidemiology and Demographics

Incidence:

  • In 1993, incidance of HRS had an incidence of 180 in 100000 at one year and 390 in 100000 at five years in patients with cirrhosis and ascites.[1]
  • In 2010, The annual incidence of HRS was 760 in 100000.[2]

Approximately 50% of the cirrhotic patients with ascites developed some type of functional renal failure during the follow-up period.

Prevalence:

  • The prevalence of HRS was from 13000 to 45800 in 100000 n patients with cirrhosis and ascites.[3]

Age:

  • Most patients with HRS are in their sixth or seventh decade.[4]

Gender:

  • Male are more affected population.[5]

Etiology of Cirrhosis:

  •  Alcohol (type 1 HRS 46.1%; type 2 HRS 55%).[6][7]
  • Viral (type 1 HRS 31.6%; type 2 HRS 40%).
  • Alcohol and viral causes (type 1 HRS 10.5%; type 2 HRS 2.5%).
References

References

  1. ↑ Ginès A, Escorsell A, Ginès P, Saló J, Jiménez W, Inglada L; et al. (1993). “Incidence, predictive factors, and prognosis of the hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis with ascites”. Gastroenterology. 105 (1): 229–36. PMID 8514039.
  2. ↑ Montoliu S, Ballesté B, Planas R, Alvarez MA, Rivera M, Miquel M; et al. (2010). “Incidence and prognosis of different types of functional renal failure in cirrhotic patients with ascites”. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 8 (7): 616–22, quiz e80. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2010.03.029. PMID 20399905.
  3. ↑ Salerno F, Cazzaniga M, Merli M, Spinzi G, Saibeni S, Salmi A; et al. (2011). “Diagnosis, treatment and survival of patients with hepatorenal syndrome: a survey on daily medical practice”. J Hepatol. 55 (6): 1241–8. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2011.03.012. PMID 21703199.
  4. ↑ Salerno F, Cazzaniga M, Merli M, Spinzi G, Saibeni S, Salmi A; et al. (2011). “Diagnosis, treatment and survival of patients with hepatorenal syndrome: a survey on daily medical practice”. J Hepatol. 55 (6): 1241–8. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2011.03.012. PMID 21703199.
  5. ↑ Martín-Llahí M, Guevara M, Torre A, Fagundes C, Restuccia T, Gilabert R; et al. (2011). “Prognostic importance of the cause of renal failure in patients with cirrhosis”. Gastroenterology. 140 (2): 488–496.e4. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2010.07.043. PMID 20682324.
  6. ↑ Martín-Llahí M, Guevara M, Torre A, Fagundes C, Restuccia T, Gilabert R; et al. (2011). “Prognostic importance of the cause of renal failure in patients with cirrhosis”. Gastroenterology. 140 (2): 488–496.e4. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2010.07.043. PMID 20682324.
  7. ↑ Garcia-Tsao G, Parikh CR, Viola A (2008). “Acute kidney injury in cirrhosis”. Hepatology. 48 (6): 2064–77. doi:10.1002/hep.22605. PMID 19003880.

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sunny Kumar MD [2]