Horseshoe kidney history and symptoms

The majority of patients with horseshoe kidney are asymptomatic. The most common symptoms of horseshoe kidney include abdominal or flank pain, abdominal mass, hematuria and pyuria.

• The majority of patients with horseshoe are asymptomatic.

Patients with horseshoe may have a positive history of:

• Renal stones due to obstruction, urinary stasis and infection or due to some metabolic abnormalities like hypercalcuria and hypocitraturia^[1][2]
• Recurrent urinary tract infection due to increased urinary stasis
• Hydronephrosis due to urinary tract obstruction

Common symptoms of horseshoe include:

• Abdominal pain or flank pain
• Abdominal mass due to hydronephrosis
• Hematuria
• Pyuria

Less common symptoms of horseshoe kidney include:

• Fever
• Nausea and vomiting
• Increased urinary frequency
• Poor weight gain
• Cloudy urine

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