Hyperparathyroidism risk factors

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Anmol Pitliya, M.B.B.S. M.D.[2]

Overview

Common risk factors in the development of primary hyperparathyroidism include postmenopausal women, age group 50-60 year, family history of hyperparathyroidism, and history of familial syndromes. Common risk factors in the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic renal failure include high serum phosphorus expression levels, low serum creatinine expression levels, low serum calcium expression levels, female gender, and hypertension. Common risk factors in the development of tertiary hyperparathyroidism post renal transplantation include elderly individuals and longer duration of dialysis.

Risk Factors

Common risk factors in the development of primary hyperparathyroidism include postmenopausal women, age group 50-60 year, family history of hyperparathyroidism, and history of familial syndromes.

Common risk factors in the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic renal failure include high serum phosphorus expression levels, low serum creatinine expression levels, low serum calcium expression levels, female gender, and hypertension.

Common risk factors in the development of tertiary hyperparathyroidism post renal transplantation include elderly individuals and longer duration of dialysis.

Common Risk Factors

Common risk factors in the development of primary hyperparathyroidism include:

Postmenopausal women
Age group 50-60 years
Family history of hyperparathyroidism
History of familial syndromes such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, type 2A or type 4; familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, hyperparathyroid-jaw tumor syndrome

Common risk factors in the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic renal failure include:^[1]

High serum phosphorus expression levels
Low serum creatinine expression levels
Low serum calcium expression levels
Female gender
Hypertension

Common risk factors in the development of tertiary hyperparathyroidism post renal transplantation include:^[2]

Elderly individuals
Longer duration of dialysis

Less Common Risk Factors

Less common risk factors in the development of primary hyperparathyroidism include:

history of current or past lithium use^[3]
Exposure to head and neck radiation

Less common risk factors in the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic renal failure include:^[1]

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Wei Y, Lin J, Yang F, Li X, Hou Y, Lu R, Shi X, Liu Z, Du Y (2016). “Risk factors associated with secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with chronic kidney disease”. Exp Ther Med. 12 (2): 1206–1212. doi:10.3892/etm.2016.3438. PMC 4950648. PMID 27446345.
↑ Hamidian Jahromi A, Roozbeh J, Raiss-Jalali GA, Dabaghmanesh A, Jalaeian H, Bahador A, Nikeghbalian S, Salehipour M, Salahi H, Malek-Hosseini A (2009). “Risk factors of post renal transplant hyperparathyroidism”. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 20 (4): 573–6. PMID 19587496.
↑ Szalat, Auryan; Mazeh, Haggi; Freund, Herbert R (2009). “Lithium-associated hyperparathyroidism: report of four cases and review of the literature” (PDF). European Journal of Endocrinology. 160: 317–323.

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[pmid27446345-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Wei Y, Lin J, Yang F, Li X, Hou Y, Lu R, Shi X, Liu Z, Du Y (2016). “Risk factors associated with secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with chronic kidney disease”. Exp Ther Med. 12 (2): 1206–1212. doi:10.3892/etm.2016.3438. PMC 4950648. PMID 27446345.

[pmid19587496-2] Hamidian Jahromi A, Roozbeh J, Raiss-Jalali GA, Dabaghmanesh A, Jalaeian H, Bahador A, Nikeghbalian S, Salehipour M, Salahi H, Malek-Hosseini A (2009). “Risk factors of post renal transplant hyperparathyroidism”. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 20 (4): 573–6. PMID 19587496.

[3] Szalat, Auryan; Mazeh, Haggi; Freund, Herbert R (2009). “Lithium-associated hyperparathyroidism: report of four cases and review of the literature” (PDF). European Journal of Endocrinology. 160: 317–323.

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