Hyponatremia historical perspective

In 1858, Claude Bernard, French physiologist first proposed a direct relationship between the central nervous system and renal excretion of osmotically active solutes. In 1913, Jungmann and Meyer in Germany induced polyuria and increased urinary salt excretion in animals through medullary lesion. In 1950, Peters, Welt, and co-workers described few patients with encephalitis, hypertensive intracranial hemorrhage, and bulbar poliomyelitis who presented with severe dehydration and hyponatremia.

The historical perspective of hypernatremia is as follows:^[1][2][3][4]

• In 1858, Claude Bernard, French physiologist first proposed a direct relationship between the central nervous system and renal excretion of osmotically active solutes.
• In 1913, Jungmann and Meyer in Germany induced polyuria and increased urinary salt excretion in animals through medullary lesion.
• In 1920, cerebral edema from water toxication was recognized.
• In 1936, first successful treatment of severe hyponatremia was published.
• in 1950, Peters, Welt, and co-workers described few patients with encephalitis, hypertensive intracranial hemorrhage, and bulbar poliomyelitis who presented with severe dehydration and hyponatremia.

• In 1952, Welt and colleagues presented patients with cerebral lesions (including trauma, tumor, and infection) and severe hyponatremia with clinical dehydration but no potassium retention.
• In 1967, Bartter and Schwartz introduced SIAD.
• In 1970s, the complications of rapid treatment of hyponatremia were first described.

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