Developer site: The content shown here is test data.

MyEClinic
MyEClinic
Health Dictionary AI Health Chat Find an Online Doctor
A serene Zen garden with raked sand and smooth stones, symbolising clarity and calm

Health Dictionary

Reliable, easy-to-read patient information on common medical conditions — written in plain language, free of jargon, and grounded in current evidence. Browse the most frequent diagnoses, understand what they mean for everyday life, and learn which steps and questions help you have a focused conversation with your doctor.

Back to skin conditions

ICD in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease

Introduction

2012 ACCF/AHA/HRS Focused Update Incorporated Into the ACCF/AHA/HRS 2008 Guidelines for Device-Based Therapy of Cardiac Rhythm Abnormalities[1]

Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators in Pediatric Patients and Patients With Congenital Heart Disease [2]

Class I
“1. ICD implantation is indicated in the survivor of cardiac arrest after evaluation to define the cause of the event and to exclude any reversible causes.[3][4][5][6] (Level of Evidence: B)”
“2. ICD implantation is indicated for patients with symptomatic sustained VT in association with congenital heart disease who have undergone hemodynamic and electrophysiological evaluation. Catheter ablation or surgical repair may offer possible alternatives in carefully selected patients.[7] (Level of Evidence: C)”
Class III (No Benefit)

“1. All Class III recommendations found in Section 3, “Indications for Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Therapy,” apply to pediatric patients and patients with congenital heart disease, and ICD implantation is not indicated in these patient populations. (Level of Evidence: C)”

Class IIa

“1. ICD implantation is reasonable for patients with congenital heart disease with recurrent syncope of undetermined origin in the presence of either ventricular dysfunction or inducible ventricular arrhythmias at electrophysiological study.[8][9] (Level of Evidence: B)”

Class IIb

“1. ICD implantation may be considered for patients with recurrent syncope associated with complex congenital heart disease and advanced systemic ventricular dysfunction when thorough invasive and noninvasive investigations have failed to define a cause.[10][11] (Level of Evidence: C)”

  1. ↑ Epstein AE, DiMarco JP, Ellenbogen KA, Estes NA, Freedman RA, Gettes LS, Gillinov AM, Gregoratos G, Hammill SC, Hayes DL, Hlatky MA, Newby LK, Page RL, Schoenfeld MH, Silka MJ, Stevenson LW, Sweeney MO, Tracy CM, Epstein AE, Darbar D, DiMarco JP, Dunbar SB, Estes NA, Ferguson TB, Hammill SC, Karasik PE, Link MS, Marine JE, Schoenfeld MH, Shanker AJ, Silka MJ, Stevenson LW, Stevenson WG, Varosy PD (2013). “2012 ACCF/AHA/HRS focused update incorporated into the ACCF/AHA/HRS 2008 guidelines for device-based therapy of cardiac rhythm abnormalities: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society”. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 61 (3): e6–75. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2012.11.007. PMID 23265327.
  2. ↑ Epstein AE, DiMarco JP, Ellenbogen KA; et al. (2008). “ACC/AHA/HRS 2008 Guidelines for Device-Based Therapy of Cardiac Rhythm Abnormalities: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 Guideline Update for Implantation of Cardiac Pacemakers and Antiarrhythmia Devices): developed in collaboration with the American Association for Thoracic Surgery and Society of Thoracic Surgeons”. Circulation. 117 (21): e350–408. PMID 18483207. Text “doi:10.1161/CIRCUALTIONAHA.108.189742 ” ignored (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  3. ↑ Silka MJ, Kron J, Dunnigan A, Dick M (1993). “Sudden cardiac death and the use of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in pediatric patients. The Pediatric Electrophysiology Society”. Circulation. 87 (3): 800–7. PMID 8443901.
  4. ↑ Hamilton RM, Dorian P, Gow RM, Williams WG (1996). “Five-year experience with implantable defibrillators in children”. Am J Cardiol. 77 (7): 524–6. PMID 8629596.
  5. ↑ Alexander ME, Cecchin F, Walsh EP, Triedman JK, Bevilacqua LM, Berul CI (2004). “Implications of implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy in congenital heart disease and pediatrics”. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 15 (1): 72–6. doi:10.1046/j.1540-8167.2004.03388.x. PMID 15028076.
  6. ↑ Choi GR, Porter CB, Ackerman MJ (2004). “Sudden cardiac death and channelopathies: a review of implantable defibrillator therapy”. Pediatr Clin North Am. 51 (5): 1289–303. doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2004.04.015. PMID 15331285.
  7. ↑ Karamlou T, Silber I, Lao R, McCrindle BW, Harris L, Downar E; et al. (2006). “Outcomes after late reoperation in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot: the impact of arrhythmia and arrhythmia surgery”. Ann Thorac Surg. 81 (5): 1786–93, discussion 1793. doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2005.12.039. PMID 16631673.
  8. ↑ Mushlin AI, Hall WJ, Zwanziger J, Gajary E, Andrews M, Marron R; et al. (1998). “The cost-effectiveness of automatic implantable cardiac defibrillators: results from MADIT. Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial”. Circulation. 97 (21): 2129–35. PMID 9626173.
  9. ↑ Khairy P, Landzberg MJ, Gatzoulis MA, Lucron H, Lambert J, Marçon F; et al. (2004). “Value of programmed ventricular stimulation after tetralogy of fallot repair: a multicenter study”. Circulation. 109 (16): 1994–2000. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000126495.11040.BD. PMID 15051640.
  10. ↑ Kammeraad JA, van Deurzen CH, Sreeram N, Bink-Boelkens MT, Ottenkamp J, Helbing WA; et al. (2004). “Predictors of sudden cardiac death after Mustard or Senning repair for transposition of the great arteries”. J Am Coll Cardiol. 44 (5): 1095–102. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2004.05.073. PMID 15337224.
  11. ↑ Dubin AM, Berul CI, Bevilacqua LM, Collins KK, Etheridge SP, Fenrich AL; et al. (2003). “The use of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in pediatric patients awaiting heart transplantation”. J Card Fail. 9 (5): 375–9. PMID 14583898.

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Dima Nimri, M.D. [2]