Health Dictionary
Reliable, easy-to-read patient information on common medical conditions — written in plain language, free of jargon, and grounded in current evidence. Browse the most frequent diagnoses, understand what they mean for everyday life, and learn which steps and questions help you have a focused conversation with your doctor.
IL1B
Introduction
Interleukin 1, beta, also known as IL1B, is a human gene. Interleukin-1 beta is a cytokine. IL-1β precursor is cleaved by caspase 1 (interleukin 1 beta convertase). Cytosolic thiol protease cleaves the product to form mature IL-1β.
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the interleukin 1 cytokine family. This cytokine is produced by activated macrophages as a proprotein, which is proteolytically processed to its active form by caspase 1 (CASP1/ICE). This cytokine is an important mediator of the inflammatory response, and is involved in a variety of cellular activities, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (PTGS2/COX2) by this cytokine in the central nervous system (CNS) is found to contribute to inflammatory pain hypersensitivity. This gene and eight other interleukin 1 family genes form a cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 2.[1]
Further reading
Further reading
- Smirnova MG, Kiselev SL, Gnuchev NV; et al. (2003). “Role of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in the pathogenesis of the otitis media with effusion”. Eur. Cytokine Netw. 13 (2): 161–72. PMID 12101072.
- Griffin WS, Mrak RE (2002). “Interleukin-1 in the genesis and progression of and risk for development of neuronal degeneration in Alzheimer’s disease”. J. Leukoc. Biol. 72 (2): 233–8. PMID 12149413.
- Arend WP (2003). “The balance between IL-1 and IL-1Ra in disease”. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 13 (4–5): 323–40. PMID 12220547.
- Chakravorty M, Ghosh A, Choudhury A; et al. (2004). “Ethnic differences in allele distribution for the IL8 and IL1B genes in populations from eastern India”. Hum. Biol. 76 (1): 153–9. PMID 15222686.
- Joseph AM, Kumar M, Mitra D (2005). “Nef: “necessary and enforcing factor” in HIV infection”. Curr. HIV Res. 3 (1): 87–94. PMID 15638726.
- Maruyama Y, Stenvinkel P, Lindholm B (2005). “Role of interleukin-1beta in the development of malnutrition in chronic renal failure patients”. Blood Purif. 23 (4): 275–81. doi:10.1159/000086012. PMID 15925866.
- Roy D, Sarkar S, Felty Q (2006). “Levels of IL-1 beta control stimulatory/inhibitory growth of cancer cells”. Front. Biosci. 11: 889–98. PMID 16146780.
- Copeland KF (2006). “Modulation of HIV-1 transcription by cytokines and chemokines”. Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry. 5 (12): 1093–101. PMID 16375755.
- Prinz C, Schwendy S, Voland P (2006). “H pylori and gastric cancer: shifting the global burden”. World J. Gastroenterol. 12 (34): 5458–64. PMID 17006981.
- Kamangar F, Cheng C, Abnet CC, Rabkin CS (2007). “Interleukin-1B polymorphisms and gastric cancer risk–a meta-analysis”. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 15 (10): 1920–8. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-06-0267. PMID 17035400.