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Imipramine oxide
Introduction
Overview
Overview
Imipraminoxide (Imiprex, Elepsin), or imipramine N-oxide, is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) that was introduced in Europe in the 1960s for the treatment of depression.[1][2][3][4]
Imipraminoxide is both an analogue and a metabolite of imipramine, and has similar effects.[5][6][7][8] However, in clinical trials, imipraminoxide was found to have a faster onset of action, slightly higher efficacy, and fewer and less marked side effects, including diminished orthostatic hypotension and anticholinergic effects like dry mouth, sweating, dizziness, and fatigue.[5][6][7][8][9][10]
Imipraminoxide’s pharmacology has not been well elucidated, but based on its very close relationship with imipramine, it likely acts as a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor and serotonin, adrenenaline, histamine, and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, though with weaker antiadrenergic and anticholinergic actions.[9][10]
References
References
- ↑ Swiss Pharmaceutical Society (2000). Index Nominum 2000: International Drug Directory (Book with CD-ROM). Boca Raton: Medpharm Scientific Publishers. p. 546. ISBN 3-88763-075-0.
- ↑ Dictionary of organic compounds. London: Chapman & Hall. 1996. p. 3877. ISBN 0-412-54090-8.
- ↑ FAURBYE A, JACOBSEN O, KRISTJANSEN P, MUNKVAD I (September 1963). “Imipramine-N-oxide: preliminary investigation of a new antidepressive drug”. The American Journal of Psychiatry. 120: 277–8. PMID 13944543.
- ↑ Lingjaerde O (November 1971). “[Imiprex “Dumex” (imipramine oxide). A new tricyclic antidepressive agent]”. Tidsskrift for Den Norske Lægeforening : Tidsskrift for Praktisk Medicin, Ny Række (in Norwegian). 91 (31): 2267–8. PMID 5133241.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Rapp W, Norén MB, Pedersen F (1973). “Comparative trial of imipramine N-oxide and imipramine in the treatment of out-patients with depressive syndromes”. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 49 (1): 77–90. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1973.tb04400.x. PMID 4572170.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Aronson, Jeffrey Kenneth (2008). Meyler’s Side Effects of Psychiatric Drugs (Meylers Side Effects). Amsterdam: Elsevier Science. p. 34. ISBN 0-444-53266-8.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Dencker SJ (1971). “[Clinical trial with imipramine-N-oxide and amitriptyline-N-oxide]”. Nordisk Psykiatrisk Tidsskrift. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry (in Swedish). 25 (5): 463–70. PMID 4947298.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Beale, John Marlowe; Wilson, Charles Henry; Gisvold, Ole; Block, John H. (2004). Wilson and Gisvold’s textbook of organic medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry. Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 87. ISBN 0-7817-3481-9.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Dencker SJ, Bake B (July 1976). “Investigation of the orthostatic reaction after intravenous administration of imipramine, chlorimipramine, and inimpramine-N-oxide”. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 54 (1): 74–8. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1976.tb00095.x. PMID 952235.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Clemmesen L, Mikkelsen PL, Lund H, Bolwig TG, Rafaelsen OJ (1984). “Assessment of the anticholinergic effects of antidepressants in a single-dose cross-over study of salivation and plasma levels”. Psychopharmacology. 82 (4): 348–54. doi:10.1007/BF00427684. PMID 6427827.
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