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Health Dictionary

Reliable, easy-to-read patient information on common medical conditions — written in plain language, free of jargon, and grounded in current evidence. Browse the most frequent diagnoses, understand what they mean for everyday life, and learn which steps and questions help you have a focused conversation with your doctor.

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Impetigo causes

Introduction

Overview

Overview

Impetigo is usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Streptococci (e.g. Streptococcus pyogenes) have been associated with the non-bullous form of impetigo and ecthyma.Streptococci can either infect individually or co-infect with Staphylococcus aureus. Non-bullous impetigo makes 70% of all the caess of impetigo.[1][2][3][4]

Causes

Causes

It was previously believed that non-bullous impetigo is caused by group A streptococci whereas Staphylococcus aureus causes the bullous subtype of impetigo. Both bullous and non-bullous subtypes of impetigo are now understood to be primarily caused by S. aureus. Streptococci have been associated with the non-bullous form and ecthyma.[3][5][6][7]

Common causes

The common causes of impetigo include:[8][9][10][11]

Bullous Impetigo

Non-bullous Impetigo

Ecthyma

Drug Induced

References

References

  1. ↑ Darmstadt GL, Lane AT (1994). “Impetigo: an overview”. Pediatr Dermatol. 11 (4): 293–303. PMID 7899177.
  2. ↑ Demidovich CW, Wittler RR, Ruff ME, Bass JW, Browning WC (1990). “Impetigo. Current etiology and comparison of penicillin, erythromycin, and cephalexin therapies”. Am J Dis Child. 144 (12): 1313–5. PMID 2244610.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Stulberg DL, Penrod MA, Blatny RA (2002). “Common bacterial skin infections”. American family physician. 66 (1): 119–24. PMID 12126026.
  4. ↑ Cole C, Gazewood J (2007). “Diagnosis and treatment of impetigo”. Am Fam Physician. 75 (6): 859–64. PMID 17390597.
  5. ↑ Kikuta H, Shibata M, Nakata S, Yamanaka T, Sakata H, Akizawa K; et al. (2011). “Predominant Dissemination of PVL-Negative CC89 MRSA with SCCmec Type II in Children with Impetigo in Japan”. Int J Pediatr. 2011: 143872. doi:10.1155/2011/143872. PMC 3236481. PMID 22187567.
  6. ↑ Shi D, Higuchi W, Takano T, Saito K, Ozaki K, Takano M; et al. (2011). “Bullous impetigo in children infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus alone or in combination with methicillin-susceptible S. aureus: analysis of genetic characteristics, including assessment of exfoliative toxin gene carriage”. J Clin Microbiol. 49 (5): 1972–4. doi:10.1128/JCM.01742-10. PMC 3122639. PMID 21430094.
  7. ↑ Jenney A, Holt D, Ritika R, Southwell P, Pravin S, Buadromo E; et al. (2014). “The clinical and molecular epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus infections in Fiji”. BMC Infect Dis. 14: 160. doi:10.1186/1471-2334-14-160. PMC 3998116. PMID 24655406.
  8. ↑ Cohen PR (2016). “Bullous impetigo and pregnancy: Case report and review of blistering conditions in pregnancy”. Dermatol Online J. 22 (4). PMID 27617460.
  9. ↑ Duggal SD, Bharara T, Jena PP, Kumar A, Sharma A, Gur R; et al. (2016). “Staphylococcal bullous impetigo in a neonate”. World J Clin Cases. 4 (7): 191–4. doi:10.12998/wjcc.v4.i7.191. PMC 4945591. PMID 27458596.
  10. ↑ Moran GJ, Amii RN, Abrahamian FM, Talan DA (2005). “Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in community-acquired skin infections”. Emerg Infect Dis. 11 (6): 928–30. doi:10.3201/eid1106.040641. PMC 3367577. PMID 15963289.
  11. ↑ Kuniyuki S, Nakano K, Maekawa N, Suzuki S (2005). “Topical antibiotic treatment of impetigo with tetracycline”. J Dermatol. 32 (10): 788–92. PMID 16361729.

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Usama Talib, BSc, MD [2]