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Knorr quinoline synthesis
Introduction
The Knorr pyrrole synthesis is a widely used chemical reaction that synthesizes substituted pyrroles (3).[1][2][3] The method involves the reaction of an α-amino–ketone (1) and a compound containing a methylene group α- to (bonded to the next carbon to) a carbonyl group (2).[4]
Method
Method
The mechanism requires zinc and acetic acid as catalysts. It will proceed at room temperature. Because α-amino-ketones self-condense very easily, they must be prepared in situ. The usual way of doing this is from the relevant oxime.[5][6]
References
References
- ^ Knorr, L. Ber. 1884, 17, 1635.
- ^ Knorr, L. Ann. 1886, 236, 290.
- ^ Knorr, L.; Lange, H. Ber. 1902, 35, 2998.
- ^ Corwin, A. H. Heterocyclic Compounds 1950, 1, 287. (Review)
- ^ Fischer, H. Organic Syntheses, Coll. Vol. 2, p.202 (1943); Vol. 15, p.17 (1935). (Article)
- ^ Fischer, H. Organic Syntheses, Coll. Vol. 3, p.513 (1955); Vol. 21, p.67 (1941). (Article)