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LTB

Introduction

For the snowboard company, see LTB (company).

Lymphotoxin beta (TNF superfamily, member 3), also known as LTB, is a human gene.[1]

Lymphotoxin beta is a type II membrane protein of the TNF family. It anchors lymphotoxin-alpha to the cell surface through heterotrimer formation. The predominant form on the lymphocyte surface is the lymphotoxin-alpha 1/beta 2 complex (e.g. 1 molecule alpha/2 molecules beta) and this complex is the primary ligand for the lymphotoxin-beta receptor. The minor complex is lymphotoxin-alpha 2/beta 1. LTB is an inducer of the inflammatory response system and involved in normal development of lymphoid tissue. Lymphotoxin-beta isoform b is unable to complex with lymphotoxin-alpha suggesting a function for lymphotoxin-beta which is independent of lympyhotoxin-alpha. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.[1]

References

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 “Entrez Gene: LTB lymphotoxin beta (TNF superfamily, member 3)”.
Further reading

Further reading

  • Messer G, Spengler U, Jung MC; et al. (1991). “Polymorphic structure of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) locus: an NcoI polymorphism in the first intron of the human TNF-beta gene correlates with a variant amino acid in position 26 and a reduced level of TNF-beta production”. J. Exp. Med. 173 (1): 209–19. PMID 1670638.
  • Abraham LJ, Du DC, Zahedi K; et al. (1991). “Haplotypic polymorphisms of the TNFB gene”. Immunogenetics. 33 (1): 50–3. PMID 1671667.
  • Browning JL, Androlewicz MJ, Ware CF (1991). “Lymphotoxin and an associated 33-kDa glycoprotein are expressed on the surface of an activated human T cell hybridoma”. J. Immunol. 147 (4): 1230–7. PMID 1714477.
  • Nedwin GE, Naylor SL, Sakaguchi AY; et al. (1985). “Human lymphotoxin and tumor necrosis factor genes: structure, homology and chromosomal localization”. Nucleic Acids Res. 13 (17): 6361–73. PMID 2995927.
  • Holzinger I, de Baey A, Messer G; et al. (1995). “Cloning and genomic characterization of LST1: a new gene in the human TNF region”. Immunogenetics. 42 (5): 315–22. PMID 7590964.
  • Peelman LJ, Chardon P, Nunes M; et al. (1995). “The BAT1 gene in the MHC encodes an evolutionarily conserved putative nuclear RNA helicase of the DEAD family”. Genomics. 26 (2): 210–8. PMID 7601445.
  • Browning JL, Ngam-ek A, Lawton P; et al. (1993). “Lymphotoxin beta, a novel member of the TNF family that forms a heteromeric complex with lymphotoxin on the cell surface”. Cell. 72 (6): 847–56. PMID 7916655.
  • Browning JL, Dougas I, Ngam-ek A; et al. (1995). “Characterization of surface lymphotoxin forms. Use of specific monoclonal antibodies and soluble receptors”. J. Immunol. 154 (1): 33–46. PMID 7995952.
  • Albertella MR, Campbell RD (1994). “Characterization of a novel gene in the human major histocompatibility complex that encodes a potential new member of the I kappa B family of proteins”. Hum. Mol. Genet. 3 (5): 793–9. PMID 8081366.
  • Iris FJ, Bougueleret L, Prieur S; et al. (1993). “Dense Alu clustering and a potential new member of the NF kappa B family within a 90 kilobase HLA class III segment”. Nat. Genet. 3 (2): 137–45. doi:10.1038/ng0293-137. PMID 8499947.
  • Nakamura T, Tashiro K, Nazarea M; et al. (1996). “The murine lymphotoxin-beta receptor cDNA: isolation by the signal sequence trap and chromosomal mapping”. Genomics. 30 (2): 312–9. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.9872. PMID 8586432.
  • Utans U, Quist WC, McManus BM; et al. (1996). “Allograft inflammatory factory-1. A cytokine-responsive macrophage molecule expressed in transplanted human hearts”. Transplantation. 61 (9): 1387–92. PMID 8629302.
  • Nalabolu SR, Shukla H, Nallur G; et al. (1997). “Genes in a 220-kb region spanning the TNF cluster in human MHC”. Genomics. 31 (2): 215–22. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0034. PMID 8824804.
  • Laham N, Van Dunné F, Abraham LJ; et al. (1997). “Tumor necrosis factor-beta in human pregnancy and labor”. J. Reprod. Immunol. 33 (1): 53–69. PMID 9185077.
  • Warzocha K, Renard N, Charlot C; et al. (1997). “Identification of two lymphotoxin beta isoforms expressed in human lymphoid cell lines and non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas”. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 238 (2): 273–6. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1997.7277. PMID 9299492.
  • Browning JL, Sizing ID, Lawton P; et al. (1997). “Characterization of lymphotoxin-alpha beta complexes on the surface of mouse lymphocytes”. J. Immunol. 159 (7): 3288–98. PMID 9317127.
  • de Baey A, Fellerhoff B, Maier S; et al. (1998). “Complex expression pattern of the TNF region gene LST1 through differential regulation, initiation, and alternative splicing”. Genomics. 45 (3): 591–600. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.4963. PMID 9367684.
  • Shiina T, Tamiya G, Oka A; et al. (1998). “Nucleotide sequencing analysis of the 146-kilobase segment around the IkBL and MICA genes at the centromeric end of the HLA class I region”. Genomics. 47 (3): 372–82. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.5114. PMID 9480751.
  • Bodor J, Habener JF (1998). “Role of transcriptional repressor ICER in cyclic AMP-mediated attenuation of cytokine gene expression in human thymocytes”. J. Biol. Chem. 273 (16): 9544–51. PMID 9545284.
  • Neville MJ, Campbell RD (1999). “A new member of the Ig superfamily and a V-ATPase G subunit are among the predicted products of novel genes close to the TNF locus in the human MHC”. J. Immunol. 162 (8): 4745–54. PMID 10202016.

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