Leptospirosis classification

Leptospirosis is classified into anicteric and icteric form of leptospirosis based on the clinical presentation.

• More common but serious illness is uncommon^[1]
• Most of cases present either subclinical or of very mild severity.
• Few cases present with a febrile illness of sudden onset.
• Other symptoms include chills, headache (severe with retro-orbital pain and photophobia), myalgia, abdominal pain, conjunctival suffusion, and skin rash (transient and last < 24 hours)
• May progress to aseptic meningitis in ≤ 25% of patients and more common in younger age group than the patients with icteric leptospirosis.
• Mortality is very less when compared to icteric leptospirosis

• Rapidly progressive and severe form of leptospirosis (Weil’s disease)
• In the severe form of leptospirosis renal failure, hepatic failure and pulmonary hemorrhage can occur and associate with Icterohemorrhagiae.^[2]
• Less common form of leptospirosis with incidence of 5%-10%.
• Jaundice is not associate with hepatocellular injury, eventually LFT returns to normal after recovery.
• High mortality rate with a range of 5%-15%.