List of basic biology topics

Main article: Biology

• Anatomy
• Bio-
• Biologist
• Human anatomy
• Life
• Organism

Acarology — Anatomy — Arachnology — Biochemistry — Bioinformatics — Biomechanics — Bionomics — Biophysics — Biotechnology — Botany — Cell biology — Ecology — Entomology — Evolution — Genetics — Gerontology — Herpetology — Histology — Ichnology — Ichthyology — Immunology — Limnology — Marine biology — Microbiology — Molecular biology — Mycology — Myrmecology — Neurobiology — Ornithology — Paleontology — Palynology — Parasitology — Photobiology — Phycology — Physiology — Plant physiology — Biological psychology— Radiobiology — Sociobiology — Structural biology — Taxonomy — Virology — Zoology

Main article: History of biology

• Ancient Greek medicine
• Islamic medicine
• Byzantine medicine
• Medieval medicine
• History of anatomy
• History of plant systematics
• History of evolutionary thought
• History of natural history
• History of genetics
• History of model organisms
• Modern evolutionary synthesis
• History of biochemistry
• History of molecular biology
• History of biotechnology
• History of molecular evolution

• Life: origin of life — Miller-Urey experiment
• Ecology:
  • Autecology: autotroph — heterotroph — acclimatization — endotherm — ectotherm — hibernation — homeostasis — behavior — circadian rhythm
  • Population ecology: population — competition — mating — biological dispersal — endemism — niche — growth curve — carrying capacity
  • Community ecology: community — keystone species — mimicry — symbiosis — pollination — mutualism — commensalism — parasitism — predation — invasive species — environmental heterogeneity — edge effect
  • Ecosystems: biodiversity — biome — habitat — plankton — thermocline — carbon cycle — water cycle — nitrogen cycle — food web — trophic level — saprobe — decomposition
• Evolutionary biology (evolution)
  • Microevolution: species — speciation — adaptation — selection — natural selection — directional selection — sexual selection — genetic drift — sexual reproduction — asexual reproduction — colony — allele frequency — neutral theory of molecular evolution — population genetics — Hardy-Weinberg principle
  • Macroevolution: adaptive radiation — convergent evolution — extinction — mass extinction — fossil — taphonomy — geologic time — plate tectonics — continental drift — vicariance — Gondwana — Pangaea — endosymbiosis
  • Systematics: taxon — taxonomy — scientific classification — phylogeny — evolutionary tree — cladistics — synapomorphy — homology — molecular clock

• Groups of living organisms
  • viruses : DNA viruses — RNA viruses — retroviruses
  • Single-cell organisms:
    • prokaryotes : microbe — bacteria — archaebacteria — eubacteria
    • eukaryotes: fungi — algae — protozoa — protista
  • Multicellular organisms:
    • plantae — plants — bryophytes — pteridophytes — seed plants
    • animalia — animals — metazoa — insects — molluscs — vertebrates
    • fungi — lichen — mycorrhizae
• Developmental biology : gamete — spermatid — ovum — zygote — embryo — cellular differentiation — morphogenesis —homeobox
  • Animal development: stem cell — blastula — gastrula — egg (biology) — fetus — placenta
  • Plant development: seed — cotyledon — meristem — apical meristem — vascular cambium — cork cambium
• Morphology, Anatomy, & Physiology:
  • Techniques: electrophysiology — electron microscopy
  • tissues — organ — senescence
  • Plant systems: root — shoot — stem — leaf — flower
    • vascular tissue — Casparian strip — turgor pressure — xylem — phloem — transpiration — wood
    • alternation of generations — gametophyte — antheridium — archegonium — sporophyte — spore — sporangium
    • tropism — taxis
  • Animal systems: skin cell
    • skeleton — bone — cartilage — joint — muscle — tendon — actin — myosin — reflex
    • circulatory system — respiration — lung — heart — artery — vein — capillary — blood — blood cell
    • digestive system — stomach — intestine — liver — nutrition — primary nutritional groups metabolism — kidney — excretion
    • nervous system: limbic system — vestibular system — neuron — axon — dendrite — brain — eye — vision — audition — proprioception — olfaction — memory
    • nerve signaling: action potential — signal transduction — synapse — receptor
    • endocrine system — hormone
    • reproductive system — testes — ovary — pregnancy
• Medicine:
  • Diseases: cancer — diabetes — obesity — hereditary disease — communicable disease
  • immune system: antibody — host — vaccine — immune cell — AIDS — T-cell — leucocyte
  • Drugs: antibiotic — barbiturate — SSRI
  • Techniques: MRI — Computed axial tomography — blood count

• Cell biology: the cell

Main article: List of basic cell biology topics

• • Techniques: culture — microscope — SEM — TEM
  • cell components:
    • organelles: Golgi apparatus — nucleus — cytoplasm — vacuole — vesicle — lysosome — peroxisome — mitochondrion — plastid — chloroplast
    • membranes: plasma membrane — endomembrane system — endoplasmic reticulum — mitochondrial membrane — chloroplast membrane
    • Other subcellular features: cell wall — pseudopod — cytoskeleton — mitotic spindle — flagellum — cilium
  • cell processes:
    • diffusion — osmosis — isotonic — active transport — phagocytosis
    • energy pathways: fermentation — glycolysis — cellular respiration — citric acid cycle — photosynthesis — Calvin cycle
    • protein biosynthesis — ribosomes
    • cellular reproduction: cytokinesis — centromere — meiosis
    • nuclear reproduction: mitosis — interphase — prophase — metaphase — anaphase — telophase
    • programmed cell death — apoptosis — cell senescence
• Biochemistry :
  • Biomolecules:
    • Small: amino acids — Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) — fats — lipids — oil — phospholipid — prion — sugar — vitamins — neurotransmitter — wax
    • Medium-sized:
      • pigments: chlorophyll — carotenoid — xanthophyll — melanin
    • Biopolymers/macromolecules
      • proteins: primary structure — secondary structure — tertiary structure — conformation — native state — protein folding — enzyme — receptor — transmembrane receptor — ion channel — membrane transporter— collagen — silk
      • DNA — RNA
      • polysaccharide: cellulose — carbohydrate — chitin — glycogen — starch
  • Biochemical mechanisms: proteolysis — cooperativity
  • Techniques: electrophoresis — His tag —affinity chromatography — x-ray diffraction — Proteomics — mass spectrometry
• Molecular biology:
  • genetic structure: DNA — DNA replication — nucleosome — genetic code — codon — transcription factor — transcription — translation — RNA — histone — telomere
  • gene expression — heterochromatin — promoter — enhancer — operon
  • mutation — point mutation — crossover — recombination —plasmid — transposon
  • molecular genetics: DNA fingerprinting — genetic fingerprint — microsatellite — gene knockout— imprinting — RNA interference
  • Genomics: computational biology — bioinformatics
  • Molecular Techniques: gel electrophoresis — transformation — PCR — PCR mutagenesis — primer — chromosome walking — RFLP — restriction enzyme — sequencing — shotgun sequencing — cloning — culture — DNA microarray
• Genetics (classical genetics) :
  • heredity — Mendelian inheritance — gene — locus — trait — allele — polymorphism — homozygote — heterozygote — hybrid — hybridization — dihybrid cross — Punnett square
  • genotype-phenotype distinction — genotype — phenotype — dominant gene — recessive gene
  • genetic interactions — Mendel’s law of segregation — genetic mosaic — maternal effect — penetrance — complementation — suppression — epistasis — genetic linkage
  • chromosomal effects: chromosome — haploid — diploid — polyploidy — dosage effect — inbreeding
  • Model organisms: Drosophila — Arabidopsis — Caenorhabditis elegans — mouse — Saccharomyces cerevisiae — Escherichia coli — Lambda phage — Xenopus
  • Techniques: genetic screen — paternity test — linkage map — genetic map

Main articles: Biologist and List of biologists

Charles Robert Darwin — Alfred Russel Wallace — Jean-Baptiste Lamarck — Sir Charles Lyell — Alfred Wegener — Alexander Fleming — Andrew Huxley — Robert Koch — Konrad Lorenz — Ernst Haeckel — Theodor Bilharz — Marcello Malpighi — Antoni van Leeuwenhoek — Konrad Lorenz — Thomas Malthus — Edward Jenner — Carolus Linnaeus — Sewall Wright — Louis Pasteur — Gregor Mendel — Barbara McClintock — James D. Watson — Francis Crick — Kary Mullis — Rosalind Franklin — Steven Jay Gould — Lynn Margulis — Carl Woese — Jane Goodall — E. O. Wilson

Main article: List of biology topics

• List of basic cell biology topics

Template:Sisterlinks Template:Wikibooks

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• The Dolan DNA Learning Center: The source for timely information about your life
• OSU’s Phylocode
• The Tree of Life: A multi-authored, distributed Internet project containing information about phylogeny and biodiversity.
• MIT video lecture series on biology
• A wiki site for protocol sharing run from MIT.
• Biology and Bioethics.
• Biology online wiki dictionary.
• Biology Video Sharing Community.

• PLos Biology A peer-reviewed, open-access journal published by the Public Library of Science
• International Journal of Biological Sciences A biological journal publishes peer-reviewed scientific papers of significance
• Perspectives in Biology and Medicine

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