Health Dictionary
Reliable, easy-to-read patient information on common medical conditions — written in plain language, free of jargon, and grounded in current evidence. Browse the most frequent diagnoses, understand what they mean for everyday life, and learn which steps and questions help you have a focused conversation with your doctor.
List of neurological disorders
Introduction
This is a list of major and frequently observed neurological disorders (e.g. Alzheimer’s disease), symptoms (e.g.back pain), signs (e.g. aphasia) and syndromes (e.g. Aicardi syndrome).
A
A
- Acquired Epileptiform Aphasia
- Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis
- Adrenoleukodystrophy
- Agenesis of the corpus callosum
- Agnosia
- Aicardi syndrome
- Alexander disease
- Alpers’ disease
- Alternating hemiplegia
- Alzheimer’s disease
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (see Motor Neurone Disease)
- Anencephaly
- Angelman syndrome
- Angiomatosis
- Anoxia
- Aphasia
- Apraxia
- Arachnoid cysts
- Arachnoiditis
- Arnold-Chiari malformation
- Arteriovenous malformation
- Asperger’s syndrome
- Ataxia Telangiectasia
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Autism
- Auditory processing disorder
- Autonomic Dysfunction
B
B
- Back Pain
- Batten disease
- Behcet’s disease
- Bell’s palsy
- Benign Essential Blepharospasm
- Benign Focal Amyotrophy
- Benign Intracranial Hypertension
- Bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria
- Binswanger’s disease
- Blepharospasm
- Bloch-Sulzberger syndrome
- Brachial plexus injury
- Brain abscess
- Brain damage
- Brain injury
- Brain tumor
- Spinal tumor
- Brown-Séquard syndrome
C
C
- Canavan disease
- Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
- Causalgia
- Central pain syndrome
- Central pontine myelinolysis
- Centronuclear myopathy
- Cephalic disorder
- Cerebral aneurysm
- Cerebral arteriosclerosis
- Cerebral atrophy
- Cerebral gigantism
- Cerebral palsy
- Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
- Chiari malformation
- Chorea
- Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP)
- Chronic pain
- Chronic regional pain syndrome
- Coffin Lowry syndrome
- Coma, including Persistent Vegetative State
- Congenital facial diplegia
- Corticobasal degeneration
- Cranial arteritis
- Craniosynostosis
- Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
- Cumulative trauma disorders
- Cushing’s syndrome
- Cytomegalic inclusion body disease (CIBD)
- Cytomegalovirus Infection
D
D
E
E
F
F
G
G
H
H
- HTLV-1 associated myelopathy
- Hallervorden-Spatz disease
- Head injury
- Headache
- Hemifacial Spasm
- Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia
- Heredopathia atactica polyneuritiformis
- Herpes zoster oticus
- Herpes zoster
- Hirayama syndrome
- Holoprosencephaly
- Huntington’s disease
- Hydranencephaly
- Hydrocephalus
- Hypercortisolism
- Hypoxia
I
I
K
K
L
L
- Lafora disease
- Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome
- Landau-Kleffner syndrome
- Lateral medullary (Wallenberg) syndrome
- Learning disabilities
- Leigh’s disease
- Lennox-Gastaut syndrome
- Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
- Leukodystrophy
- Lewy body dementia
- Lissencephaly
- Locked-In syndrome
- Lou Gehrig’s disease (See Motor Neurone Disease)
- Lumbar disc disease
- Lyme disease – Neurological Sequelae
M
M
- Machado-Joseph disease (Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3)
- Macrencephaly
- Megalencephaly
- Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome
- Menieres disease
- Meningitis
- Menkes disease
- Metachromatic leukodystrophy
- Microcephaly
- Migraine
- Miller Fisher syndrome
- Mini-Strokes
- Mitochondrial Myopathies
- Mobius syndrome
- Monomelic amyotrophy
- Motor Neurone Disease
- Motor skills disorder
- Moyamoya disease
- Mucopolysaccharidoses
- Multi-Infarct Dementia
- Multifocal motor neuropathy
- Multiple sclerosis
- Multiple system atrophy with postural hypotension
- Muscular dystrophy
- Myalgic encephalomyelitis
- Myasthenia gravis
- Myelinoclastic diffuse sclerosis
- Myoclonic Encephalopathy of infants
- Myoclonus
- Myopathy
- Myotubular myopathy
- Myotonia congenita
N
N
O
O
P
P
- Palinopsia
- Paresthesia
- Parkinson’s disease
- Paramyotonia Congenita
- Paraneoplastic diseases
- Paroxysmal attacks
- Parry-Romberg syndrome (also known as Rombergs Syndrome)
- Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease
- Periodic Paralyses
- Peripheral neuropathy
- Persistent Vegetative State
- Pervasive developmental disorders
- Photic sneeze reflex
- Phytanic Acid Storage disease
- Pick’s disease
- Pinched Nerve
- Pituitary Tumors
- PMG
- Polio
- Polymicrogyria
- Polymyositis
- Porencephaly
- Post-Polio syndrome
- Postherpetic Neuralgia (PHN)
- Postinfectious Encephalomyelitis
- Postural Hypotension
- Prader-Willi syndrome
- Primary Lateral Sclerosis
- Prion diseases
- Progressive Hemifacial Atrophy also known as Rombergs_Syndrome
- Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
- Progressive Sclerosing Poliodystrophy
- Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
- Pseudotumor cerebri
Q
Q
R
R
S
S
- Saint Vitus dance
- Sandhoff disease
- Schilder’s disease
- Schizencephaly
- Sensory Integration Dysfunction
- Septo-optic dysplasia
- Shaken baby syndrome
- Shingles
- Shy-Drager syndrome
- Sjögren’s syndrome
- Sleep apnea
- Sleeping sickness
- Snatiation
- Sotos syndrome
- Spasticity
- Spina bifida
- Spinal cord injury
- Spinal cord tumors
- Spinal muscular strophy
- Spinal stenosis
- Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome, see Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
- Spinocerebellar ataxia
- Stiff-person syndrome
- Stroke
- Sturge-Weber syndrome
- Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
- Subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy
- Superficial siderosis
- Sydenham chorea
- Syncope
- Synesthesia
- Syringomyelia
T
T
- Tardive dyskinesia
- Tay-Sachs disease
- Temporal arteritis
- Tethered spinal cord syndrome
- Thomsen disease
- Thoracic outlet syndrome
- Tic Douloureux
- Todd’s paralysis
- Tourette syndrome
- Transient ischemic attack
- Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies
- Transverse myelitis
- Traumatic brain injury
- Tremor
- Trigeminal neuralgia
- Tropical spastic paraparesis
- Trypanosomiasis
- Tuberous sclerosis