Mastitis causes
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Prince Tano Djan, BSc, MBChB [2]
Overview
Overview
Mastitis is mostly caused by Staphylococcus aureus.[1] Other causes include Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus, E. coli, Mycoplasma and Candida.
Causes
Causes
Life-threatening cause
There is no life-threatening cause of mastitis.
Most common cause
The most common cause of mastitis is Staphylococcus aureus[1] normally found on the skin.
Common causes
Common causes include:
Pathogenic
- Staphylococcus epidermidis
- Streptococcus
- E. coli
- Mycoplasma.
- Fungi, most commonly Candida, that may be found in the oral cavity of the baby.
Non-pathogenic
- ●Tight-fitting brassiere or car seatbelt
- ●Oveproduction of milk
- ●Infrequent breastfeeding
- ●Maternal stress
- ●Maternal malnutrition
- ●Nipple excoriation or cracking
- ●Rapid weaning
Less common causes
Less common causes include:
- Autoimmune reaction to luminal fluid
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | No underlying causes |
| Chemical/Poisoning | Chloramines in pool water, smoking illicit drugs |
| Dental | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | No underlying causes |
| Ear Nose Throat | Vallecular cyst |
| Endocrine | Oveproduction of milk, Rapid weaning |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | No underlying causes |
| Genetic | No underlying causes|- |
| Hematologic | No underlying causes |
| Iatrogenic | No underlying causes |
| Infectious Disease | Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus, E. coli, Fungi, most commonly Candida, Mycoplasma |
| Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | No underlying causes |
| Nutritional/Metabolic | No underlying causes |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
| Oncologic | No underlying causes |
| Ophthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose/Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | No underlying causes |
| Renal/Electrolyte | No underlying causes |
| Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy | Autoimmune reaction to luminal fluid |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | Nipple excoriation or cracking |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous | Infrequent breastfeeding, Maternal stress, Tight-fitting brassiere or car seatbelt |
Causes in Alphabetical Order
- Autoimmune reaction to luminal fluid
- E. coli
- Fungi, most commonly Candida
- ●Infrequent breastfeeding
- ●Maternal stress
- ●Maternal malnutrition
- Mycoplasma
- ●Nipple excoriation or cracking
- ●Oveproduction of milk
- ●Rapid weaning
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Staphylococcus epidermidis
- Streptococcus
- ●Tight-fitting brassiere or car seatbelt
References
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Montague EC, Hilinski J, Andresen D, Cooley A (2013). “Evaluation and treatment of mastitis in infants”. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 32 (11): 1295–6. doi:10.1097/INF.0b013e3182a06448. PMID 24145956.
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