Mediastinitis is the inflammation or infection of the mediastinum.^[1] The anterior and upper regions of the mediastinum are the most often affected.^[2] Although the pathogenesis of the infection remains unknown, radiographic, serologic, or histopathologic evidence of prior Histoplasma capsulatum infection, histoplasmosis, or chronic granulomatous disease is always observed.^[3] Additionally, mediastinitis may also present as the result of Staphylococcus aureus or Staphylococcus epidermidis infection following chest surgery.^[4] On gross pathology, a white, fibrotic mass and a distinct gap with adipose tissue are characteristic findings of mediastinitis. On microscopic histopathological analysis, inflammation with granulated tissue and avascular and paucicellular fibrohyaline tissue are characteristic findings of mediastinitis.

Mediastinitis is the inflammation or infection of the mediastinum.^[1] The anterior and upper regions of the mediastinum are the most often affected.^[2] Although the pathogenesis of the infection remains unknown, radiographic, serologic, or histopathologic evidence of prior Histoplasma capsulatum infection, histoplasmosis, or chronic granulomatous disease is always observed.^[5] Additionally, mediastinitis may also present as the result of Staphylococcus aureus or Staphylococcus epidermidis infection following chest surgery.^[4]

On gross pathology, characteristic findings of mediastinitis include:^[6][7]

• White, fibrotic mass
• Distinct gap between adipose tissue

On microscopic histopathological analysis, characteristic findings of mediastinitis include:^[6][7]

• Inflammation with granulated tissue
• Avascular and paucicellular fibrohyaline tissue
• Presence of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, or Histoplasma capsulatum

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