Microstomia
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.
Overview
Overview
Microstomia (micro- a combining form meaning small + -stomia a combining form meaning mouth = (abnormally) “small mouth”) is a clinical feature of many craniofacial syndromes, including Freeman-Sheldon syndrome and Sheldon-Hall syndromes (or distal arthrogryposis multiplex congenita). It may present with whistling-face feature, as well, as in Freeman-Sheldon syndrome. In this syndrome, it impairs alimentation and may require oral commissurotomies, with subsequent revisions, to improve function.
Causes
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
There are no causes of microstomia that are life-threatening.
Common Causes
- Fine-Lubinsky syndrome
- Fryns-van den Berghe syndrome
- Hallermann-Streiff syndrome (HSS)
- Velocardiofacial syndrome
- Amyotrophy, hereditary neuralgic
- Freeman-Sheldon syndrome
- Micrognathia with peromelia
- Velocardiofacial syndrome
- Burton syndrome
- Epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica, Hallopeau-Siemens type
- Fibrochondrogenesis
- Hennekam syndrome
- Schwartz-Jampel-Aberfeld syndrome
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | No underlying causes |
| Chemical/Poisoning | Chemical burn, Electrical burn, Orofacial burns |
| Dental | Lip resection, Micrognathia with peromelia, Oral surgery, Whistling baby syndrome |
| Dermatologic | Restrictive dermopathy |
| Drug Side Effect | No underlying causes |
| Ear Nose Throat | Oro-palatal dysplasia |
| Endocrine | No underlying causes |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | No underlying causes |
| Genetic | Auriculo-condylar syndrome, Burton syndrome, Craniocarpotarsal dysplasia, Epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica, Fibrochondrogenesis, Fine-lubinsky syndrome, Freeman-sheldon syndrome, Fryns-van den berghe syndrome, Hallermann-streiff syndrome (hss), Hennekam syndrome, Leopard syndrome, Micrognathia with peromelia, Mobius syndrome, Onat syndrome, Oro-palatal dysplasia, Otocephaly-dysgnathia complex, Restrictive dermopathy, Schwartz-jampel-aberfeld syndrome, Velocardiofacial syndrome, Whistling baby syndrome |
| Hematologic | No underlying causes |
| Iatrogenic | Lip resection, Oral surgery, Radiotherapy |
| Infectious Disease | No underlying causes |
| Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic | Amyotrophy |
| Neurologic | Down syndrome, Epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica, Velocardiofacial syndrome |
| Nutritional/Metabolic | No underlying causes |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
| Oncologic | No underlying causes |
| Ophthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose/Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | No underlying causes |
| Renal/Electrolyte | No underlying causes |
| Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy | Crest syndrome |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | Chemical burn, Electrical burn, Orofacial burns, Physical trauma |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous | No underlying causes |
Causes in Alphabetical Order
- Amyotrophy
- Auriculo-condylar syndrome
- Burton syndrome
- Chemical burn
- Craniocarpotarsal dysplasia
- Crest syndrome
- Down syndrome
- Electrical burn
- Epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica
- Fibrochondrogenesis
- Fine-lubinsky syndrome
- Freeman-sheldon syndrome
- Fryns-van den berghe syndrome
- Hallermann-streiff syndrome (hss)
- Hennekam syndrome
- Leopard syndrome
- Lip resection
- Micrognathia with peromelia
- Mobius syndrome
- Onat syndrome
- Oral surgery
- Orofacial burns
- Oro-palatal dysplasia
- Otocephaly-dysgnathia complex
- Physical trauma
- Radiotherapy
- Restrictive dermopathy
- Schwartz-jampel-aberfeld syndrome
- Velocardiofacial syndrome
- Whistling baby syndrome
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