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Reliable, easy-to-read patient information on common medical conditions — written in plain language, free of jargon, and grounded in current evidence. Browse the most frequent diagnoses, understand what they mean for everyday life, and learn which steps and questions help you have a focused conversation with your doctor.

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Milk-alkali syndrome risk factors

Introduction

Overview

Overview

Patients with the following conditions are more susceptible to milk-alkali syndrome: Older age, preexisting chronic renal disease, concurrent vomiting (bulimia nervosa or hyperemesis gravidarum ) and use of certain drugs like thiazide, NSAIDs, and ACE inhibitors.

Risk Factors

Risk Factors

Patients with the following conditions are more susceptible to milk-alkali syndrome:[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]

References

References

  1. ↑ Medarov BI (2009). “Milk-alkali syndrome”. Mayo Clin Proc. 84 (3): 261–7. doi:10.1016/S0025-6196(11)61144-0. PMC 2664604. PMID 19252114.
  2. ↑ Beall DP, Scofield RH (1995). “Milk-alkali syndrome associated with calcium carbonate consumption. Report of 7 patients with parathyroid hormone levels and an estimate of prevalence among patients hospitalized with hypercalcemia”. Medicine (Baltimore). 74 (2): 89–96. doi:10.1097/00005792-199503000-00004. PMID 7891547.
  3. ↑ Whiting SJ, Wood R, Kim K (1997). “Calcium supplementation”. J Am Acad Nurse Pract. 9 (4): 187–92. PMID 9274239.
  4. ↑ Patel AM, Goldfarb S (2010). “Got calcium? Welcome to the calcium-alkali syndrome”. J Am Soc Nephrol. 21 (9): 1440–3. doi:10.1681/ASN.2010030255. PMID 20413609.
  5. ↑ Felsenfeld AJ, Levine BS (2006). “Milk alkali syndrome and the dynamics of calcium homeostasis”. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 1 (4): 641–54. doi:10.2215/CJN.01451005. PMID 17699269.
  6. ↑ Picolos MK, Lavis VR, Orlander PR (2005). “Milk-alkali syndrome is a major cause of hypercalcaemia among non-end-stage renal disease (non-ESRD) inpatients”. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 63 (5): 566–76. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2005.02383.x. PMID 16268810.
  7. ↑ Arroyo M, Fenves AZ, Emmett M (2013). “The calcium-alkali syndrome”. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 26 (2): 179–81. doi:10.1080/08998280.2013.11928954. PMC 3603742. PMID 23543983.

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shakiba Hassanzadeh, MD[2]