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Myxoma classification

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sogand Goudarzi, MD [2] Maria Fernanda Villarreal, M.D. [3]

Overview

Overview

Cardiac myxomas are classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) histological classification of tumors of the heart, as “Benign tumors and tumor-like lesions” and categorized into a type of pluripotent mesenchymal tumor.

Classification

Classification

  • Based on the location and biological behavior of symptoms, cardiac myxomas may be classified into two groups: typical and atypical.[1]
  • Typical:
    • In typical cases, cardiac myxomas are almost always single, and there is a striking predilection for the left atrium, with approximately 75-86% occurring there.[2][3][4]
  • atypical.
    • In atypical cases, presentation is usually early and multicentricity is more common. They are more frequently located on the right side of the heart (38%), or in the left ventricle (5%). There is also recurrence after surgical excision (12%–22%) and an association with other conditions, such as the Carney complex.[2]
  • Cardiac myxomas are anatomically distributed, as following:[2]
  • There is no established histological differentiation between both type of cardiac myxomas (typical and atypical).[5]
References

References

  1. ↑ Nina, Vinícius JS; Silva, Nathalia AC; Gaspar, Shirlyne FD; Rapôso, Thaísa L; Ferreira, Eduardo C; Nina, Rachel VAH; Lages, Joyce S; Silva, Fernando ACC; Filho, Natalino Salgado (2012). “Atypical size and location of a right atrial myxoma: a case report”. Journal of Medical Case Reports. 6 (1). doi:10.1186/1752-1947-6-26. ISSN 1752-1947.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Grebenc ML, Rosado de Christenson ML, Burke AP, Green CE, Galvin JR (2000). “Primary cardiac and pericardial neoplasms: radiologic-pathologic correlation”. Radiographics. 20 (4): 1073–103, quiz 1110–1, 1112. doi:10.1148/radiographics.20.4.g00jl081073. PMID 10903697.
  3. ↑ Amano J, Nakayama J, Yoshimura Y, Ikeda U (2013). “Clinical classification of cardiovascular tumors and tumor-like lesions, and its incidences”. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 61 (8): 435–47. doi:10.1007/s11748-013-0214-8. PMC 3732772. PMID 23460447.
  4. ↑ Wold LE, Lie JT (1980). “Cardiac myxomas: a clinicopathologic profile”. Am. J. Pathol. 101 (1): 219–40. PMC 1903582. PMID 7446701.
  5. ↑ McCarthy PM, Piehler JM, Schaff HV, Pluth JR, Orszulak TA, Vidaillet HJ, Carney JA (1986). “The significance of multiple, recurrent, and “complex” cardiac myxomas”. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 91 (3): 389–96. PMID 3951243.

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