Nasopharyngeal carcinoma staging

The staging of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is based on the TNM staging system.

The staging of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is based on the TNM staging system.

• Tx: primary tumor cannot be assessed
• T0: no evidence of primary tumor
• Tis: carcinoma in situ
• T1: tumor is confined to the nasopharynx
• T2: tumor extends to soft tissues of the oropharynx and/or nasal fossa
  • T2a: without extension to the parapharyngeal region
  • T2b: with extension to the parapharyngeal region
• T3: invasion of adjacent bony structures and/or paranasal sinuses
• T4: invasion of any one or more of the following
  • intracranial content
  • cranial nerves
  • infratemporal fossa/masticator space
  • hypopharynx
  • orbit

• Nx: nodes cannot be assessed
• N0: no evidence of nodal involvement
• N1: unilateral nodal involvement <6cm maximal diameter above supraclavicular fossa
• N2: bilateral nodal involvement <6cm maximal diameter above supraclavicular fossa
• N3
  • N3a: >6 cm maximal diameter (unilateral or bilateral)
  • N3b: involvement of the supraclavicular fossa

• Mx: presence of metastases cannot be assessed
• M0: no evidence of metastases
• M1: distant metastases present

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