In atomic spectroscopy, atomization stands for the conversion of a vaporized sample into atomic components. Liquid samples are first nebulized, the fine mist is transported into the atomization source (flame or plasma), where the solvent evaporates and the analyte is vaporized, then atomized.

Atomization also refers to the conversion of bulk liquid into a spray or mist (i.e. collection of drops), often by passing the liquid through a nozzle.^[1] Despite the name, it does not usually imply that the particles are reduced to atomic sizes. The process can also be described as nebulization. By convention, “nebulize”, “nebulization”, and “nebulizer” are terms used more often in the medical/science fields.

An atomizer is an atomization apparatus; carburetors, airbrushes, misters, and spray bottles are only a few examples of atomizers used ubiquitously. In internal combustion engines, fine-grained fuel atomization is instrumental to efficient combustion.

In some manufacturing processes, fine powder is produced by spraying molten or dissolved materials through an atomizer and solidifying the droplets.