Health Dictionary
Reliable, easy-to-read patient information on common medical conditions — written in plain language, free of jargon, and grounded in current evidence. Browse the most frequent diagnoses, understand what they mean for everyday life, and learn which steps and questions help you have a focused conversation with your doctor.
Nelson's syndrome
Introduction
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Template:DiseaseDisorder infobox
Overview
Overview
Nelson’s syndrome is the rapid enlargement of a pituitary adenoma that occurs after the removal of both adrenal glands.[1]
Historical Perspective
Historical Perspective
Classification
Classification
Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology
Removal of both adrenal glands, or bilateral adrenalectomy, is an operation for Cushing’s Disease. Removal of both adrenals eliminates production of cortisol, and the lack of cortisol’s negative feedback can allow any preexisting pituitary adenoma to grow unchecked. Continued growth can cause mass effects due to physical compression of brain tissue, along with increased production of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH).
Causes
Causes
Differentiating Nelson’s syndrome from Other Diseases
Differentiating Nelson’s syndrome from Other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Epidemiology and Demographics
Nelson’s syndrome is rare because bilateral adrenalectomy is now only used in extreme circumstances.
Risk Factors
Risk Factors
Screening
Screening
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Natural History
Complications
Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Criteria
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
- Skin hyperpigmentation due to excess MSH.
Laboratory Findings
Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Prevention
References
References
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Phone:617-632-7753