Nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy historical perspective

The first cases of NFD have been identified in 1997 as a fibrotic disorder of the skin in patients with renal failure .^[1]As an independent disease entity, NFD was first described in 2000.^[2] Since then, systemic involvement has been described in some patients with NFD, resulting in use of the term nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF); NFD and NSF have been used to describe the same condition ^[3]. No clear etiology has been established for NFD, and little is known about its pathogenesis or natural history. This report describes the largest geographic cluster of NFD that has been identified and provides evidence that exposure to a gadolinium-containing contrast agent is a risk factor for the development of the disease. While skin involvement is on the foreground, the process may involve any organ and resembles diffuse scleroderma or systemic sclerosis. ^[4]

In 2006, the link between NFD and gadolinium-containing contrast agents was made.^[5][6][7] As a result, gadolinium-containing contrast is now considered contraindicated in patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (a measure of renal function) under 60 and especially under 30.^[8]

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