Nephrotic syndrome diagnostic study of choice

Proteinuria could be measured by 24-hour urine collection. Urine protein above 3.5 g/day is considered as nephrotic range proteinuria. Diagnostic study of choice for nephrotic syndrome is kidney biopsy that reveals the exact type of disease and the its progression.

• Proteinuria could be measured by 24-hour urine collection. Urine protein above 3.5 g/day is considered as nephrotic range proteinuria.^[1][2]
• Kidney biopsy is the gold standard test for the diagnosis of the underlying cause of nephrotic syndrome.^[3]

Relative contrandications of the kidney biopsy:

• Single kidney
• Anatomic kidney abnormalities
• Small size kidneys (less than 9 cm), indicative of end stage renal disease
• Renal tumor
• Multiple, bilateral renal cysts
• Active infection in the kidney or on the skin over the biopsy side
• Uncorrectable bleeding diathesis
• Severe uncontrolled hypertension

• Hydronephrosis
• Uncooperative patient