Neuroblastoma risk factors
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Zahir Ali Shaikh, MD[2]
Overview
Overview
The risk factors for neuroblastomas diagnosed during infancy include; maternal anemia during pregnancy, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome and low 1 minute Apgar score. However, the risk factors for neuroblastoma cases diagnosed at age 1 year or above is not known.
Risk Factors
Risk Factors
- The risk factors for neuroblastoma are not well known. However, following risk factors may be associated with neuroblastomas diagnosed during infancy:[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]
- Maternal anemia during pregnancy
- Maternal opiate consumption
- Maternal folate deficiency
- Toxic exposures
- Small or large for gestational age
- Gestational diabetes mellitus
- Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
- Low 1 minute Apgar score
- Familial neuroblastoma
- Genetic factors
- Turner syndrome
- Neurofibromatosis type 1
- Germline chromosomal abnormality single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at LMO1
- Germline mutations in SDHB, APC, ALK, and BRCA2
- The risk factors for neuroblastomas diagnosed at age 1 year or above is not known.[12]
References
References
- ↑ Elizabeth Bluhm, Dawn Elizabeth McNeil, Sven Cnattingius, Gloria Gridley, Laure El Ghormli & Joseph F. Jr Fraumeni (2008). “Prenatal and perinatal risk factors for neuroblastoma”. International journal of cancer. 123 (12): 2885–2890. doi:10.1002/ijc.23847. PMID 18798548. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Amy E. French, Ron Grant, Sheila Weitzman, Joel G. Ray, Marian J. Vermeulen, Lillian Sung, Mark Greenberg & Gideon Koren (2003). “Folic acid food fortification is associated with a decline in neuroblastoma”. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 74 (3): 288–294. doi:10.1016/S0009-9236(03)00200-5. PMID 12966372. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ G. R. Bunin, R. R. Kuijten, J. D. Buckley, L. B. Rorke & A. T. Meadows (1993). “Relation between maternal diet and subsequent primitive neuroectodermal brain tumors in young children”. The New England journal of medicine. 329 (8): 536–541. doi:10.1056/NEJM199308193290804. PMID 8336753. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ A. M. Michalek, G. M. Buck, P. C. Nasca, A. N. Freedman, M. S. Baptiste & M. C. Mahoney (1996). “Gravid health status, medication use, and risk of neuroblastoma”. American journal of epidemiology. 143 (10): 996–1001. PMID 8629618. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Andrew F. Olshan, Joanna C. Smith, Melissa L. Bondy, Joseph P. Neglia & Brad H. Pollock (2002). “Maternal vitamin use and reduced risk of neuroblastoma”. Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.). 13 (5): 575–580. doi:10.1097/01.EDE.0000023970.93548.59. PMID 12192228. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Eric J. Chow, Debra L. Friedman & Beth A. Mueller (2007). “Maternal and perinatal characteristics in relation to neuroblastoma”. Cancer. 109 (5): 983–992. doi:10.1002/cncr.22486. PMID 17285600. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Oldridge DA, Wood AC, Weichert-Leahey N, Crimmins I, Sussman R, Winter C, McDaniel LD, Diamond M, Hart LS, Zhu S, Durbin AD, Abraham BJ, Anders L, Tian L, Zhang S, Wei JS, Khan J, Bramlett K, Rahman N, Capasso M, Iolascon A, Gerhard DS, Guidry Auvil JM, Young RA, Hakonarson H, Diskin SJ, Look AT, Maris JM (December 2015). “Genetic predisposition to neuroblastoma mediated by a LMO1 super-enhancer polymorphism”. Nature. 528 (7582): 418–21. doi:10.1038/nature15540. PMC 4775078. PMID 26560027.
- ↑ Origone P, Defferrari R, Mazzocco K, Lo Cunsolo C, De Bernardi B, Tonini GP (May 2003). “Homozygous inactivation of NF1 gene in a patient with familial NF1 and disseminated neuroblastoma”. Am. J. Med. Genet. A. 118A (4): 309–13. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.10167. PMID 12687660.
- ↑ Cook MN, Olshan AF, Guess HA, Savitz DA, Poole C, Blatt J, Bondy ML, Pollock BH (April 2004). “Maternal medication use and neuroblastoma in offspring”. Am. J. Epidemiol. 159 (8): 721–31. PMID 15051581.
- ↑ Rios P, Bailey HD, Orsi L, Lacour B, Valteau-Couanet D, Levy D, Corradini N, Leverger G, Defachelles AS, Gambart M, Sirvent N, Thebaud E, Ducassou S, Clavel J (November 2016). “Risk of neuroblastoma, birth-related characteristics, congenital malformations and perinatal exposures: A pooled analysis of the ESCALE and ESTELLE French studies (SFCE)”. Int. J. Cancer. 139 (9): 1936–48. doi:10.1002/ijc.30239. PMID 27342419.
- ↑ Buck GM, Michalek AM, Chen CJ, Nasca PC, Baptiste MS (January 2001). “Perinatal factors and risk of neuroblastoma”. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 15 (1): 47–53. PMID 11237115.
- ↑ Elizabeth Bluhm, Dawn Elizabeth McNeil, Sven Cnattingius, Gloria Gridley, Laure El Ghormli & Joseph F. Jr Fraumeni (2008). “Prenatal and perinatal risk factors for neuroblastoma”. International journal of cancer. 123 (12): 2885–2890. doi:10.1002/ijc.23847. PMID 18798548. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help)
Looking for the patient version?
© 2026 MyEClinic – IFTM Institut für Telematik in der Medizin GmbH