Automatic Implantable Cardiac Defibrillator (AICD) implantation and cardiac transplantation are sometimes indicated in patients with noncompaction cardiomyopathy.

Implantation of an automatic internal cardiac defibrillator AICD may be appropriate in patients who are deemed to be at increased risk of sudden cardiac death. A small study from the Netherlands identified young females with premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) at risk of sudden death^[1].

Although biventricular pacing(CRT) may have a role in noncompaction cardiomyopathy patients with heart failure, its utility has not been rigorously evaluated in these patients.

Among patients with noncompaction cardiomyopathy in whom severe heart failure has developed, a heart transplant may be necessary^[2].