Health Dictionary
Reliable, easy-to-read patient information on common medical conditions — written in plain language, free of jargon, and grounded in current evidence. Browse the most frequent diagnoses, understand what they mean for everyday life, and learn which steps and questions help you have a focused conversation with your doctor.
Nutcracker esophagus pathophysiology
Introduction
Overview
Overview
Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology
Pathology specimens of the esophagus in patients with nutcracker esophagus show no significant abnormality, unlike patients with achalasia where destruction of the myenteric plexus is seen. This has led to the thought that the pathophysiology of nutcracker esophagus may be related to abnormalities in neurotransmitters or other mediators in the distal esophagus. Abnormalities in nitric oxide levels, which have been seen in achalasia are postulated as the primary abnormality.[1][2] As GERD is associated with nutcracker esophagus, it has also been hypothesized that the alterations in nitric oxide and other released chemicals may be a response to reflux.[3]
References
References
- ↑ Tutuian R, Castell D (2006). “Esophageal motility disorders (distal esophageal spasm, nutcracker esophagus, and hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter): modern management”. Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol. 9 (4): 283–94. PMID 16836947.
- ↑ Kahrilas P (2000). “Esophageal motility disorders: current concepts of pathogenesis and treatment”. Can J Gastroenterol. 14 (3): 221–31. PMID 10758419.
- ↑ Pilhall M, Börjesson M, Rolny P, Mannheimer C (2002). “Diagnosis of nutcracker esophagus, segmental or diffuse hypertensive patterns, and clinical characteristics”. Dig Dis Sci. 47 (6): 1381–8. PMID 12064816.
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]