Nutcracker syndrome
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Synonyms and keywords: nutcracker phenomenon; renal vein entrapment syndrome; mesoaortic compression of the left renal vein
Overview
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
The nutcracker syndrome is a compression of the left renal vein between the abdominal aorta (AA) and superior mesenteric artery (SMA).[1]
References
Historical Perspective
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Historical Perspective
The initial clinical reporting of nutcracker syndrome was made in 1950 by El-Sadr and Mina.[1] The credit for the term nutcracker has typically been given to de Schepper in 1972, but it was actually first used by Chait et al in 1971.[1] The first pathological description of the disease occurred in 1937 by Grant, an anatomist.[1]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Kurklinsky AK, Rooke TW (2010). “Nutcracker phenomenon and nutcracker syndrome”. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. Mayo Clinic. 85 (6): 552–9. doi:10.4065/mcp.2009.0586. PMC 2878259. PMID 20511485. Retrieved 2012-09-11. Unknown parameter
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Pathophysiology
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References
Differentiating Nutcracker syndrome from other Diseases
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References
Epidemiology and Demographics
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References
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
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References
Diagnosis
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | CT | Echocardiography or Ultrasound | Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Treatment
Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies
External Links
External Links
- Article on nutcracker phenomenon at the New England Journal of Medicine website.
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