Oral ulcer (patient information)

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Mouth ulcers are sores or open lesions in the mouth.

What are the symptoms of Oral ulcer?

Symptoms vary and depend on the specific cause of the mouth ulcer. In general, symptoms may include:

Open sores in the mouth
Pain or discomfort in the mouth

What causes Oral ulcer?

Mouth ulcers are caused by many disorders. These include:

Canker sores
Gingivostomatitis
Herpes simplex (fever blister)
Leukoplakia
Oral cancer
Oral lichen planus
Oral thrush

The skin lesion of histoplasmosis may also appear as a mouth ulcer.

Who is at highest risk?

People with decreased immunity are at higher risk of getting oral ulcer

When to seek urgent medical care?

Call for an appointment with your health care provider if your mouth ulcers don’t go away after 3 weeks. Call for an appointment with your health care provider if mouth ulcers return frequently, or if new symptoms develop.

Diagnosis

A health care provider or dentist usually diagnoses the type of mouth ulcer, based on its appearance and location. Blood tests or a biopsy of the ulcer may be needed to confirm the cause.

Treatment options

The goal of treatment is to relieve symptoms. The cause, if known, should be treated. Gentle, thorough oral hygiene may relieve some of the symptoms. Topical (rubbed on) antihistamines, antacids, corticosteroids, or other soothing preparations may be recommended for applying directly to the ulcer. Avoid hot or spicy foods, which often increase the pain of mouth ulcers.

Where to find medical care for Oral ulcer?

Directions to Hospitals Treating Oral ulcer

What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?

The outcome varies depending on the cause of the ulcer. Many mouth ulcers are harmless and heal without treatment. There are types of cancer, however, that may first appear as a mouth ulcer that does not heal.

Possible complications

Cellulitis of the mouth, from secondary bacterial infection of ulcers
Dental infections (tooth abscesses)
Oral cancer
Spread of contagious disorders to other people

Prevention

Good oral hygiene may help prevent some types of mouth ulcers, as well as some complications from mouth ulcers. Good oral hygiene includes brushing the teeth at least twice per day, flossing at least daily, and getting regular professional dental cleanings and examinations.

Sources

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001448.htm Template:WH Template:WS Template:WH