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Reliable, easy-to-read patient information on common medical conditions — written in plain language, free of jargon, and grounded in current evidence. Browse the most frequent diagnoses, understand what they mean for everyday life, and learn which steps and questions help you have a focused conversation with your doctor.

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PPARG

Introduction


Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, also known as PPARG, is a human gene.

This gene encodes a member of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) subfamily of nuclear receptors. PPARs form heterodimers with retinoid X receptors (RXRs) and these heterodimers regulate transcription of various genes. Three subtypes of PPARs are known: PPAR-alpha, PPAR-delta, and PPAR-gamma. The protein encoded by this gene is PPAR-gamma and is a regulator of adipocyte differentiation. Additionally, PPAR-gamma has been implicated in the pathology of numerous diseases including obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis and cancer. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different isoforms have been described.[1]

References

References

  1. ↑ “Entrez Gene: PPARG peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma”.
Further reading

Further reading

  • Qi C, Zhu Y, Reddy JK (2001). “Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, coactivators, and downstream targets”. Cell Biochem. Biophys. 32 Spring: 187–204. PMID 11330046.
  • Kadowaki T, Hara K, Kubota N; et al. (2002). “The role of PPARgamma in high-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance”. J. Diabetes Complicat. 16 (1): 41–5. PMID 11872365.
  • Wakino S, Law RE, Hsueh WA (2002). “Vascular protective effects by activation of nuclear receptor PPARgamma”. J. Diabetes Complicat. 16 (1): 46–9. PMID 11872366.
  • Takano H, Komuro I (2002). “Roles of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in cardiovascular disease”. J. Diabetes Complicat. 16 (1): 108–14. PMID 11872377.
  • Stumvoll M, Häring H (2002). “The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 Pro12Ala polymorphism”. Diabetes. 51 (8): 2341–7. PMID 12145143.
  • Koeffler HP (2003). “Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and cancers”. Clin. Cancer Res. 9 (1): 1–9. PMID 12538445.
  • Puigserver P, Spiegelman BM (2003). “Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1 alpha): transcriptional coactivator and metabolic regulator”. Endocr. Rev. 24 (1): 78–90. PMID 12588810.
  • Takano H, Hasegawa H, Nagai T, Komuro I (2003). “The role of PPARgamma-dependent pathway in the development of cardiac hypertrophy”. Drugs Today. 39 (5): 347–57. PMID 12861348.
  • Rangwala SM, Lazar MA (2004). “Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in diabetes and metabolism”. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 25 (6): 331–6. doi:10.1016/j.tips.2004.03.012. PMID 15165749.
  • Cuzzocrea S (2005). “Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gamma ligands and ischemia and reperfusion injury”. Vascul. Pharmacol. 41 (6): 187–95. doi:10.1016/j.vph.2004.10.004. PMID 15653094.
  • Pégorier JP (2005). “[PPAR receptors and insulin sensitivity: new agonists in development]”. Ann. Endocrinol. (Paris). 66 (2 Pt 2): 1S10–7. PMID 15959400.
  • Tsai YS, Maeda N (2005). “PPARgamma: a critical determinant of body fat distribution in humans and mice”. Trends Cardiovasc. Med. 15 (3): 81–5. doi:10.1016/j.tcm.2005.04.002. PMID 16039966.
  • Gurnell M (2006). “Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and the regulation of adipocyte function: lessons from human genetic studies”. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 19 (4): 501–23. doi:10.1016/j.beem.2005.10.001. PMID 16311214.
  • Cecil JE, Watt P, Palmer CN, Hetherington M (2006). “Energy balance and food intake: the role of PPARgamma gene polymorphisms”. Physiol. Behav. 88 (3): 227–33. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.05.028. PMID 16777151.
  • Rousseaux C, Desreumaux P (2007). “[The peroxisome-proliferator-activated gamma receptor and chronic inflammatory bowel disease (PPARgamma and IBD)]”. J. Soc. Biol. 200 (2): 121–31. PMID 17151549.
  • Eriksson JG (2007). “Gene polymorphisms, size at birth, and the development of hypertension and type 2 diabetes”. J. Nutr. 137 (4): 1063–5. PMID 17374678.
  • Burgermeister E, Seger R (2007). “MAPK kinases as nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttles for PPARgamma”. Cell Cycle. 6 (13): 1539–48. PMID 17611413.

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