Pacemaker syndrome other diagnostic studies
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [2]
Please help WikiDoc by adding more content here. It’s easy! Click here to learn about editing.
Pacemaker Interrogation
Pacemaker Interrogation
Diagnosis of pacemaker syndrome should start with pacemaker interrogation. It includes:
- Ruling out excessive ventricular pacing
- Looking for AV dissociation/VA conduction
- Looking for pacemaker malfunctioning, battery life and mode reversal
Other methods to diagnose Pacemaker Syndrome includes:
- Measuring systolic time intervals
- Measuring finger pulse amplitude by strain gauge
- Correlating cardiac index with pulse pressure
- Cuff blood pressure responses to different modes of pacing
Holter Monitoring
Holter Monitoring
- Holter monitoring can be used to correlate patients’ symptoms with their cardiac rhythm and is considered the best method of diagnosing pacemaker syndrome.
Blood Pressure Monitoring
Blood Pressure Monitoring
- Systolic blood pressure should be measured during ventricular pacing and should be compared with that during atrial or AV synchronous pacing.
- A drop of 20 mm Hg or more suggests pacemaker syndrome.
References
References
- ↑ Ausubel K, Boal BH, Furman S (1985). “Pacemaker syndrome: definition and evaluation”. Cardiol Clin. 3 (4): 587–94. PMID 3910239.
Looking for the patient version?
© 2026 MyEClinic – IFTM Institut für Telematik in der Medizin GmbH