Palpitation classification

Palpitations may be classified based on cause, duration, rhythm and clinical presentation.

• Based on cause, palpitations may be classified as : ^[1]
  1. Cardiac –Arrhythmia related
  2. Cardiac – Not Related to Arrhythmia
  3. Pharmacological
  4. Psychiatric
  5. Systemic Causes
• Based on clinical presentation, palpitations may be classified as:
  1. Extrasystolic
  2. Tachycardic
  3. Anxiety-related
  4. Intense^[2]
• Based on duration, palpitation may be classified as :
  1. Persistent or sustained
  2. Poorly sustained/ short lasting
• Based on rhythm, palpitation may be classified as :
  1. Regular
  2. Irregular
• Extrasystolic palpitation is often described as missed beats which are sudden in onset and occur at rest.
• Tachycardiac palpitation are often described as a fluttering sensation in the chest which is sudden in onset.
  • Tachycardic palpitation include ventricular tachycardias, AV re-entry tachycardia, AN Nodal re-entry tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, atrial tachycardias and atrial flutter.
  • It is associated with a regular or irregular increase in heart rate and symptoms such as syncope, chest pain, breathlessness and neck pulsations.
• Anxiety related palpitation as the name suggest are mostly seen in individuals with generalized anxiety disorder and are gradual in onset.
  • It is associated with an increase in heart rate and symptoms such as a ‘lump-like’ sensation in the throat and tingling sensations in the hands and face.
• Patients experiencing a pulsation type of palpitation often feel like their heart is pounding.
  • This sensation is gradual in onset, triggered by exertion and may be associated with asthenia.