Pernicious anemia risk factors
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Overview
Risk Factors
Risk Factors
Risk factors include:
- Family history of the disease
- History of autoimmune endocrine disorders, including:
- Addison’s disease
- Chronic thyroiditis
- Graves disease
- Hypoparathyroidism
- Hypopituitarism
- Myasthenia gravis
- Secondary amenorrhea
- Type 1 diabetes
- Testicular dysfunction
- Vitiligo
- Scandinavian or Northern European descent
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