Phenylketonuria classification

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

Classification

Subtypes of phenylketonuria

According to Phe levels PKU can be classified as:^[1] ^[2]

Mild (mPKU): < 360 μmol/L
Moderate (moPKU): 360–1200 μmol/L
Classical (cPKU): >1200 μmol/L

Maternal phenylketonuria

Maternal Phenylketonuria (MPKU)^[3] is a complication of PKU, caused by the teratogenic effects of high levels of Phe in the fetus. MPKU was first described by Charles Dent in 1956.

References

↑ Regnault A, Burlina A, Cunningham A, Bettiol E, Moreau-Stucker F, Benmedjahed K; et al. (2015). “Development and psychometric validation of measures to assess the impact of phenylketonuria and its dietary treatment on patients’ and parents’ quality of life: the phenylketonuria – quality of life (PKU-QOL) questionnaires”. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 10 (1): 59. doi:10.1186/s13023-015-0261-6. PMID 25958326.
↑ Scala I, Concolino D, Casa RD, Nastasi A, Ungaro C, Paladino S; et al. (2015). “Long-term follow-up of patients with phenylketonuria treated with tetrahydrobiopterin: a seven years experience”. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 10 (1): 14. doi:10.1186/s13023-015-0227-8. PMC 4351928. PMID 25757997.
↑ Arrieta Blanco F, Bélanger Quintana A, Vázquez Martínez C, Martínez Pardo M (2012). “[Importance of early diagnosis of phenylketonuria in women and control of phenylalanine levels during pregnancy]”. Nutr Hosp. 27 (5): 1658–61. doi:10.3305/nh.2012.27.5.5945. PMID 23478721.

Template:WS Template:WH

[pmid25958326-1] Regnault A, Burlina A, Cunningham A, Bettiol E, Moreau-Stucker F, Benmedjahed K; et al. (2015). “Development and psychometric validation of measures to assess the impact of phenylketonuria and its dietary treatment on patients’ and parents’ quality of life: the phenylketonuria – quality of life (PKU-QOL) questionnaires”. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 10 (1): 59. doi:10.1186/s13023-015-0261-6. PMID 25958326.

[pmid25757997-2] Scala I, Concolino D, Casa RD, Nastasi A, Ungaro C, Paladino S; et al. (2015). “Long-term follow-up of patients with phenylketonuria treated with tetrahydrobiopterin: a seven years experience”. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 10 (1): 14. doi:10.1186/s13023-015-0227-8. PMC 4351928. PMID 25757997.

[pmid23478721-3] Arrieta Blanco F, Bélanger Quintana A, Vázquez Martínez C, Martínez Pardo M (2012). “[Importance of early diagnosis of phenylketonuria in women and control of phenylalanine levels during pregnancy]”. Nutr Hosp. 27 (5): 1658–61. doi:10.3305/nh.2012.27.5.5945. PMID 23478721.

[1]

[2]

[3]