Health Dictionary
Reliable, easy-to-read patient information on common medical conditions — written in plain language, free of jargon, and grounded in current evidence. Browse the most frequent diagnoses, understand what they mean for everyday life, and learn which steps and questions help you have a focused conversation with your doctor.
Primary biliary cirrhosis risk factors
Introduction
Overview
Overview
The most potent risk factor in the development of primary biliary cirrhosis is positive family history. Other risk factors include age (30-60 years), female sex, infections and environmental toxins.
Risk Factors
Risk Factors
- The most potent risk factor in the development of primary biliary cirrhosis is positive family history. Other risk factors include age (30-60 years), female sex, infections and environmental toxins.
Common Risk Factors
- Common risk factors in the development of Primary biliary cirrhosis may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and microbial.[1][2][3]
- Common risk factors in the development of primary biliary cirrhosis include:
- Age: Patients with age between 30-60 years are at highest risk
- Sex: Female sex is at higher risk
- Geographic distribution: Increased risk in North America and Northern Europe.
- Genetic predisposition: HLA-DRB1*0801 haplotype[4]
Less Common Risk Factors
References
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Dronamraju D, Odin J, Bach N (2010). “Primary biliary cirrhosis: environmental risk factors”. Dis Markers. 29 (6): 323–8. doi:10.3233/DMA-2010-0770. PMC 3835530. PMID 21297251.
- ↑ Gershwin ME, Selmi C, Worman HJ, Gold EB, Watnik M, Utts J; et al. (2005). “Risk factors and comorbidities in primary biliary cirrhosis: a controlled interview-based study of 1032 patients”. Hepatology. 42 (5): 1194–202. doi:10.1002/hep.20907. PMC 3150736. PMID 16250040.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Parikh-Patel A, Gold EB, Worman H, Krivy KE, Gershwin ME (2001). “Risk factors for primary biliary cirrhosis in a cohort of patients from the united states”. Hepatology. 33 (1): 16–21. doi:10.1053/jhep.2001.21165. PMID 11124815.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Selmi C, Mayo MJ, Bach N, Ishibashi H, Invernizzi P, Gish RG; et al. (2004). “Primary biliary cirrhosis in monozygotic and dizygotic twins: genetics, epigenetics, and environment”. Gastroenterology. 127 (2): 485–92. PMID 15300581.
- ↑ Coghlin J, Hammond SK, Gann PH (1989). “Development of epidemiologic tools for measuring environmental tobacco smoke exposure”. Am J Epidemiol. 130 (4): 696–704. PMID 2773917.
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aysha Anwar, M.B.B.S[2]