Proctology

Proctology is a field in medicine dealing with diseases and disorders of the rectum, anus, colon and pelvic floor. The word Proctology is derived from the Greek words Proktos, meaning anus or hindparts, and Logos meaning science or study.

Physicians specializing in this field of medicine are more commonly called colorectal surgeons, as the term proctologist is outdated in the more traditional areas of medicine. A proctologist should be a surgeon by training. Proctologists often work closely with urologists.

In the United States, some surgeons (MDs) are certified by the American Board of Colon and Rectal Surgery, while some osteopathic surgeons (DOs), which are also equally licensed proctologists, are certified by the American Osteopathic Board of Proctology.

Proctological disorders include:

• varicosities or swelling, and inflammation of veins in the rectum and anus (Hemorrhoids)
• unnatural cracks or tears in the anus (Anal fissures)
• abnormal connections or passageways between the rectum or other anorectal area to the skin surface (Fistulas)
• severe constipation conditions
• fecal incontinence
• protrusion of the walls of the rectum through the anus (Rectal prolapse)
• birth defects such as the imperforate anus
• cancer of the colon and rectum (Colorectal cancer)
• anal cancer (rare)
• any injuries to the anus

• The proctoscope (an instrument for visualizing the rectum)

• Diagram of an anal fissure and fistula

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