If left untreated, 95% of cases of prolactinoma will not show any signs of growth during the first 4 to 6 years. Complications of prolactinoma include pituitary apoplexy and vision loss. Prognosis is generally excellent for cases of microprolactinoma.

If left untreated, 95% of cases of prolactinoma will not show any signs of growth during the first 4 to 6 years. Sometimes, it may lead to premature osteoporosis in both sexes due to hyperprolactinomia.^[1]

Complications of prolactinoma include:

• Pituitary apoplexy^[1]
  • Pituitary apoplexy usually presents with sudden onset of excruciating headache, diplopia, and visual impairment.
  • Headache is most common symptom and is usually associated with nausea and vomiting.

• Tumor regrowth (after resection)
• Blindness
• In pregnancy, excessive estrogen may cause increased tumor growth

• Prognosis is excellent for cases of microprolactinoma.
• Depending on the size of the tumor and the extent of tumor resection, the rate of recurrence may range from 20% to 50%.
• The majority of recurrent prolactinomas develop within the first 5 years.^[2]

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