Pulmonary aspiration pathophysiology

The lungs are normally protected against aspiration by a series of “protective reflexes” such as coughing and swallowing. Significant aspiration can only occur if the protective reflexes are absent (in neurological disease, coma, drug overdose, sedation or general anesthesia). In intensive care, sitting patients up reduces the risk of pulmonary aspiration and ventilator associated pneumonia.

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