Pulmonary nodule risk Factors
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Joanna Ekabua, M.D. [2]
Overview
Overview
The most potent risk factor in the development of pulmonary nodule includes tobacco smoking, pack-years of smoking, age, occupational exposure to carcinogenic agents, previous history of lung cancer, family history of lung cancer, and comorbid chronic lung disease.
Risk Factors
Risk Factors
The most potent risk factor in the development of pulmonary nodule includes [1][2][3]
- Tobacco smoking
- Pack-years of smoking
- Age
- Occupational exposure to carcinogenic agents
- Previous history of lung cancer
- Family history of lung cancer
- Comorbid chronic lung disease
References
References
- ↑ Loverdos K, Fotiadis A, Kontogianni C, Iliopoulou M, Gaga M (2019). “Lung nodules: A comprehensive review on current approach and management”. Ann Thorac Med. 14 (4): 226–238. doi:10.4103/atm.ATM_110_19. PMC 6784443 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 31620206. - ↑ Yang L, Zhang Q, Bai L, Li TY, He C, Ma QL; et al. (2017). “Assessment of the cancer risk factors of solitary pulmonary nodules”. Oncotarget. 8 (17): 29318–29327. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.16426. PMC 5438732. PMID 28404977.
- ↑ Yoon HY, Bae JY, Kim Y, Shim SS, Park S, Park SY; et al. (2019). “Risk factors associated with an increase in the size of ground-glass lung nodules on chest computed tomography”. Thorac Cancer. 10 (7): 1544–1551. doi:10.1111/1759-7714.13098. PMC 6610277 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 31155851.
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