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Pyridoxine deficiency

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

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Overview

The classic clinical syndrome for Pyridoxine deficiency (or B6 deficiency) is a seborrheic dermatitis-like eruption, atrophic glossitis with ulceration, angular cheilitis, conjunctivitis, intertrigo, and neurologic symptoms of somnolence, confusion, and neuropathy.[1] Vitamin B6 is a co-factor for glutamic acid decarboxylase, an enzyme that converts Glutamate to GABA. Therefore, the concurrent increase in the excitatory neurotransmitter, Glutamate, and decrease in inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA, resultant from B6 deficiency, may manifest itself in the form of seizures.

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Pyridoxine deficiency from Other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Criteria

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Prevention

References

  1. Andrews’ Diseases of the Skin, 10th Edition, Elsevier.

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Historical Perspective

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

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Overview

Historical Perspective

References

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Classification

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

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Overview

Classification

References

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Pathophysiology

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

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Overview

Pathophysiology

References

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Causes


Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

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Overview

The classic clinical syndrome for Pyridoxine deficiency (or B6 deficiency) is a seborrheic dermatitis-like eruption, atrophic glossitis with ulceration, angular cheilitis, conjunctivitis, intertrigo, and neurologic symptoms of somnolence, confusion, and neuropathy.[1] Vitamin B6 is a co-factor for glutamic acid decarboxylase, an enzyme that converts Glutamate to GABA. Therefore, the concurrent increase in the excitatory neurotransmitter, Glutamate, and decrease in inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA, resultant from B6 deficiency, may manifest itself in the form of seizures.

Causes

  • Supporters of a debated medical condition known as Pyroluria believe it may be one potential cause of vitamin B6 deficiency.
  • Another cause of vitamin B6 deficiency is the use of the tuberculostatic medication isoniazid, and for this reason, it is recommended to supplement with vitamin B6 when using this drug.
  • Grumpiness and irritability are also often symptomatic of a deficiency according to “Body, Mind, and the B Vitamins” by Ruth Adams and Frank Murray.
  • A meta-analysis of three databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library), including only double-blind, randomized controlled trials, found that vitamin B6 has a significant effect compared to placebos in treating morning sickness, similar to that of ginger.[2]

References

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Differentiating Pyridoxine deficiency from other Diseases

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

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Overview

Differential Diagnosis

References

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Epidemiology and Demographics

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

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Overview

Epidemiology and Demographics

References

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Risk Factors

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

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Overview

Risk Factors

References

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Screening

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

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Overview

Screening

References

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Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

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Overview

Natural History

Complications

Prognosis

References

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Diagnosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Electrocardiogram | X Ray | CT | MRI | Echocardiography or Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case Studies

Case #1

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