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Health Dictionary

Reliable, easy-to-read patient information on common medical conditions — written in plain language, free of jargon, and grounded in current evidence. Browse the most frequent diagnoses, understand what they mean for everyday life, and learn which steps and questions help you have a focused conversation with your doctor.

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RIG-I

Introduction

RIG-I (retinoic acid-inducible gene I) is a RIG-I-like receptor dsRNA helicase enzyme that is encoded (in humans) by the DDX58 gene. RIG-I is part of the RIG-I-like receptor family, which also includes MDA5 and LGP2, and functions as a pattern recognition receptor that is a sensor for viruses such as influenza A, Sendai virus, and flavivirus. Certain retroviruses, such as HIV-1, encode a protease that directs RIG-I to the lysosome for degradation, and thereby evade RIG-I mediated signaling.[1] RIG-I typically recognizes short (< 4000 nt) 5′ triphosphate uncapped double stranded or single stranded RNA.[2][3][4] RIG-I and MDA5 are involved in activating MAVS and triggering an antiviral response.[5] RIG-I is also able to detect non-self 5′-triphosphorylated dsRNA transcribed from AT-rich dsDNA by DNA-dependent RNA polymerase III (Pol III). For many viruses, effective RIG-I-mediated antiviral responses are dependent on functionally active LGP2.[6]

Function

Function

DEAD box proteins, characterized by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD), are putative RNA helicases which are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving RNA binding and alteration of RNA secondary structure. RIG-I contains a RNA helicase-DEAD box motifs and a caspase recruitment domain (CARD). RIG-I is involved in viral double-stranded (ds) RNA recognition and the regulation of immune response.[7]

References

References

  1. ↑ Solis M, Nakhaei P, Jalalirad M, Lacoste J, Douville R, Arguello M, Zhao T, Laughrea M, Wainberg MA, Hiscott J (Feb 2011). “RIG-I-mediated antiviral signaling is inhibited in HIV-1 infection by a protease-mediated sequestration of RIG-I”. Journal of Virology. 85 (3): 1224–36. doi:10.1128/JVI.01635-10. PMC 3020501. PMID 21084468.
  2. ↑ Pichlmair A, Schulz O, Tan CP, Näslund TI, Liljeström P, Weber F, Reis e Sousa C (Nov 2006). “RIG-I-mediated antiviral responses to single-stranded RNA bearing 5′-phosphates”. Science. 314 (5801): 997–1001. doi:10.1126/science.1132998. PMID 17038589.
  3. ↑ Yoneyama M, Kikuchi M, Natsukawa T, Shinobu N, Imaizumi T, Miyagishi M, Taira K, Akira S, Fujita T (Jul 2004). “The RNA helicase RIG-I has an essential function in double-stranded RNA-induced innate antiviral responses”. Nature Immunology. 5 (7): 730–7. doi:10.1038/ni1087. PMID 15208624.
  4. ↑ Kato H, Takeuchi O, Mikamo-Satoh E, Hirai R, Kawai T, Matsushita K, Hiiragi A, Dermody TS, Fujita T, Akira S (Jul 2008). “Length-dependent recognition of double-stranded ribonucleic acids by retinoic acid-inducible gene-I and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5”. The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 205 (7): 1601–10. doi:10.1084/jem.20080091. PMC 2442638. PMID 18591409.
  5. ↑ Hou F, Sun L, Zheng H, Skaug B, Jiang QX, Chen ZJ (Aug 2011). “MAVS forms functional prion-like aggregates to activate and propagate antiviral innate immune response”. Cell. 146 (3): 448–61. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.06.041. PMC 3179916. PMID 21782231.
  6. ↑ Satoh T, Kato H, Kumagai Y, Yoneyama M, Sato S, Matsushita K, Tsujimura T, Fujita T, Akira S, Takeuchi O (Jan 2010). “LGP2 is a positive regulator of RIG-I- and MDA5-mediated antiviral responses”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 107 (4): 1512–7. doi:10.1073/pnas.0912986107. PMC 2824407. PMID 20080593.
  7. ↑ “Entrez Gene: DDX58 DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 58”.
Further reading

Further reading