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SUMO2

Introduction

Small ubiquitin-related modifier 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SUMO2 gene.[1]

Function

Function

This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) protein family. It functions in a manner similar to ubiquitin in that it is bound to target proteins as part of a post-translational modification system. However, unlike ubiquitin which targets proteins for degradation, this protein is involved in a variety of cellular processes, such as nuclear transport, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, and protein stability. It is not active until the last two amino acids of the carboxy-terminus have been cleaved off. Numerous pseudogenes have been reported for this gene. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized.[2]

Interactions

Interactions

SUMO2 has been shown to interact with TRIM63[3] and c21orf59.[4]

References

References

  1. ↑ Mannen H, Tseng HM, Cho CL, Li SS (May 1996). “Cloning and expression of human homolog HSMT3 to yeast SMT3 suppressor of MIF2 mutations in a centromere protein gene”. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 222 (1): 178–80. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1996.0717. PMID 8630065.
  2. ↑ “Entrez Gene: SUMO2 SMT3 suppressor of mif two 3 homolog 2 (S. cerevisiae)”.
  3. ↑ Dai KS, Liew CC (Jun 2001). “A novel human striated muscle RING zinc finger protein, SMRZ, interacts with SMT3b via its RING domain”. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (26): 23992–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M011208200. PMID 11283016.
  4. ↑ Golebiowski F, Matic I, Tatham MH, Cole C, Yin Y, Nakamura A, Cox J, Barton GJ, Mann M, Hay RT (2009). “System-wide changes to SUMO modifications in response to heat shock”. Science Signaling. 2 (72): ra24. doi:10.1126/scisignal.2000282. PMID 19471022.
Further reading

Further reading

  • Maruyama K, Sugano S (Jan 1994). “Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides”. Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
  • Lapenta V, Chiurazzi P, van der Spek P, Pizzuti A, Hanaoka F, Brahe C (Mar 1997). “SMT3A, a human homologue of the S. cerevisiae SMT3 gene, maps to chromosome 21qter and defines a novel gene family”. Genomics. 40 (2): 362–6. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.4556. PMID 9119407.
  • Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, Suyama A, Sugano S (Oct 1997). “Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5′-end-enriched cDNA library”. Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
  • Kamitani T, Nguyen HP, Kito K, Fukuda-Kamitani T, Yeh ET (Feb 1998). “Covalent modification of PML by the sentrin family of ubiquitin-like proteins”. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 273 (6): 3117–20. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.6.3117. PMID 9452416.
  • Kamitani T, Kito K, Nguyen HP, Fukuda-Kamitani T, Yeh ET (May 1998). “Characterization of a second member of the sentrin family of ubiquitin-like proteins”. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 273 (18): 11349–53. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.18.11349. PMID 9556629.
  • Saitoh H, Hinchey J (Mar 2000). “Functional heterogeneity of small ubiquitin-related protein modifiers SUMO-1 versus SUMO-2/3”. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 275 (9): 6252–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.275.9.6252. PMID 10692421.
  • Nishida T, Tanaka H, Yasuda H (Nov 2000). “A novel mammalian Smt3-specific isopeptidase 1 (SMT3IP1) localized in the nucleolus at interphase”. European Journal of Biochemistry / FEBS. 267 (21): 6423–7. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01729.x. PMID 11029585.
  • Dai KS, Liew CC (Jun 2001). “A novel human striated muscle RING zinc finger protein, SMRZ, interacts with SMT3b via its RING domain”. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (26): 23992–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M011208200. PMID 11283016.
  • Tatham MH, Jaffray E, Vaughan OA, Desterro JM, Botting CH, Naismith JH, Hay RT (Sep 2001). “Polymeric chains of SUMO-2 and SUMO-3 are conjugated to protein substrates by SAE1/SAE2 and Ubc9”. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (38): 35368–74. doi:10.1074/jbc.M104214200. PMID 11451954.
  • Nishida T, Kaneko F, Kitagawa M, Yasuda H (Oct 2001). “Characterization of a novel mammalian SUMO-1/Smt3-specific isopeptidase, a homologue of rat axam, which is an axin-binding protein promoting beta-catenin degradation”. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (42): 39060–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.M103955200. PMID 11489887.
  • Hardeland U, Steinacher R, Jiricny J, Schär P (Mar 2002). “Modification of the human thymine-DNA glycosylase by ubiquitin-like proteins facilitates enzymatic turnover”. The EMBO Journal. 21 (6): 1456–64. doi:10.1093/emboj/21.6.1456. PMC 125358. PMID 11889051.
  • Kim J, Cantwell CA, Johnson PF, Pfarr CM, Williams SC (Oct 2002). “Transcriptional activity of CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins is controlled by a conserved inhibitory domain that is a target for sumoylation”. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (41): 38037–44. doi:10.1074/jbc.M207235200. PMID 12161447.
  • Su HL, Li SS (Aug 2002). “Molecular features of human ubiquitin-like SUMO genes and their encoded proteins”. Gene. 296 (1–2): 65–73. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(02)00843-0. PMID 12383504.
  • Petrie K, Guidez F, Howell L, Healy L, Waxman S, Greaves M, Zelent A (May 2003). “The histone deacetylase 9 gene encodes multiple protein isoforms”. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (18): 16059–72. doi:10.1074/jbc.M212935200. PMID 12590135.
  • Hietakangas V, Ahlskog JK, Jakobsson AM, Hellesuo M, Sahlberg NM, Holmberg CI, Mikhailov A, Palvimo JJ, Pirkkala L, Sistonen L (Apr 2003). “Phosphorylation of serine 303 is a prerequisite for the stress-inducible SUMO modification of heat shock factor 1”. Molecular and Cellular Biology. 23 (8): 2953–68. doi:10.1128/MCB.23.8.2953-2968.2003. PMC 152542. PMID 12665592.
  • Eaton EM, Sealy L (Aug 2003). “Modification of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-beta by the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) family members, SUMO-2 and SUMO-3”. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (35): 33416–21. doi:10.1074/jbc.M305680200. PMID 12810706.
  • Tatham MH, Kim S, Yu B, Jaffray E, Song J, Zheng J, Rodriguez MS, Hay RT, Chen Y (Aug 2003). “Role of an N-terminal site of Ubc9 in SUMO-1, -2, and -3 binding and conjugation”. Biochemistry. 42 (33): 9959–69. doi:10.1021/bi0345283. PMID 12924945.
  • Chung TL, Hsiao HH, Yeh YY, Shia HL, Chen YL, Liang PH, Wang AH, Khoo KH, Shoei-Lung Li S (Sep 2004). “In vitro modification of human centromere protein CENP-C fragments by small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) protein: definitive identification of the modification sites by tandem mass spectrometry analysis of the isopeptides”. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 279 (38): 39653–62. doi:10.1074/jbc.M405637200. PMID 15272016.