Salmonellosis epidemiology and demographics

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mazia Fatima, MBBS [2]

Overview

Salmonellosis is a global health issue and is estimated to cause approximately 93.8 million cases of gastroenteritis each year. There are major limitations preventing assessment of the global burden of salmonellosis. Many regions of the world, especially those with a large proportion of the global population such as South/Southeast Asia and South America, do not have publicly available data regarding salmonellosis surveillance. In the U.S., the incidence rate was approximately 2.8 cases per 100,000 persons in 2008. In Europe, the overall reported incidence rate was 39.01 per 100,000 persons in 2005.^[1] Children and the elderly have a higher rate of incidence.^[2]

2017 Outbreak updates

Country	Date	Cases (confirmed and suspected)	Deaths	More details
United States	November 16, 2017	66	0	CDC and multiple states are investigating outbreak of human Salmonella infections linked to contact with pet turtles in 18 states. Epidemiologic and laboratory findings link the outbreak of human Salmonella Agbeni infections to contact with turtles or their environments, such as water from a turtle habitat. Illnesses started on dates ranging from March 1, 2017 to October 14, 2017.23 have been hospitalized. Twenty-three (35%) ill people are children younger than 5.
	November 14, 2017	54	0	An outbreak of multidrug-resistant SalmonellaHeidelberg infections have been reported from 15states. Epidemiologic and laboratory investigations linked ill people in this outbreak to contact with calves, including dairy calves. Seventeen (35%) people have been hospitalized. Illnesses started on dates ranging from January 27, 2015 to October 15, 2017. Eighteen (33%) people in this outbreak are children under the age of 5.
	November 3, 2017	220	1	This outbreak included five types of Salmonella cases:Salmonella Thompson (144), Salmonella Kiambu (54), Salmonella Agona (12), Salmonella Gaminara (7), or SalmonellaSenftenberg (3) were reported from 23 sstates.he same strains of these types of Salmonella were found in samples collected from papayas and from ill people. Illnesses started on dates ranging from May 17, 2017 to October 4, 2017.Sixty-eight ill people were hospitalized. One death was reported from New York City.
	July 19, 2017	24	0	Multistate outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium infections linked to various clinical, commercial, and teaching microbiology laboratories.Six ill people were hospitalized in 16 states. No deaths were reported. Laboratory-associated salmonellosis continues to be a public health problem. This outbreak is a reminder that bacteria used in microbiology laboratories can sicken people who work in labs. Others who live in their households can also get sick, even if the household members never visited the laboratory.

Incidence

Worlwide, salmonellosis is estimated to cause approximately 93.8 million cases of gastroenteritis each year. In 2005, the estimated overall incidence rate for Europe was 39.01 per 100,000 persons. The countries with highest reported incidence were the Czech Republic and Slovakia. In 2007, the notification rate of salmonellosis by EU and EEA/EFTA countries was 34.26 per 100,000 persons. In the U.S., Salmonella causes approximately 1 million foodborne infections annually. The incidence of salmonellosis in the U.S., was approximately 2.8 cases per 100,000 persons in 2008. Incidence was highest in the youngest age groups(≤ 4 years) at approximately 4.7 – 6.9 cases per 100,000 population. ^[2]^[1]

*Adapted from Center for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)*^[3]

Age

The highest incidence of salmonellosis occurs in the age group 0-4. Older age groups also have a greater incidence.

Gender

The incidence of salmonellosis does not vary by gender.

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Chai SJ, White PL, Lathrop SL, Solghan SM, Medus C, McGlinchey BM; et al. (2012). “Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis: increasing incidence of domestically acquired infections”. Clin Infect Dis. 54 Suppl 5: S488–97. doi:10.1093/cid/cis231. PMID 22572674.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Majowicz SE, Musto J, Scallan E, Angulo FJ, Kirk M, O’Brien SJ; et al. (2010). “The global burden of nontyphoidal Salmonella gastroenteritis”. Clin Infect Dis. 50 (6): 882–9. doi:10.1086/650733. PMID 20158401.
↑ “Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)” (PDF).

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[pmid22572674-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Chai SJ, White PL, Lathrop SL, Solghan SM, Medus C, McGlinchey BM; et al. (2012). “Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis: increasing incidence of domestically acquired infections”. Clin Infect Dis. 54 Suppl 5: S488–97. doi:10.1093/cid/cis231. PMID 22572674.

[pmid20158401-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Majowicz SE, Musto J, Scallan E, Angulo FJ, Kirk M, O’Brien SJ; et al. (2010). “The global burden of nontyphoidal Salmonella gastroenteritis”. Clin Infect Dis. 50 (6): 882–9. doi:10.1086/650733. PMID 20158401.

[Salmonella-3] “Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)” (PDF).

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