Scrotal mass natural history, complications and prognosis

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Niloofarsadaat Eshaghhosseiny, MD [2]

Overview

If left untreated, patients with testicular tortion may progress to develop ischemia,atrophy, and infertility.^[1] Common complications of testicular tortion include ischemia, atrophy, and infertility.^[1] Prognosis in early stage of testicular cancer without metastases is very good, and the 10-year survival rate of patients with metastatic testicular cancer is approximately 66-94%.^[2]

Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis

The symptoms of testicular tortion usually develop in the second decade of life, and start with symptoms such as sudden onset of testicular pain and swelling.^[3]
If left untreated, most of patients with testicular tortion may progress to develop ischemia and testicular atrophy.^[4]

Complications

Common complications of testicular tortion include:
- ischemia
- atrophy
- infertility

Prognosis

Prognosis of early stage of testicular tumor without metastasis is good.^[2]
Depending on the extent of the testicular cancer at the time of diagnosis, the prognosis may vary. 10-year survival rate of patients with metastatic testicular cancer is approximately 66-94%.^[2]

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Visser AJ, Heyns CF (2003). “Testicular function after torsion of the spermatic cord”. BJU Int. 92 (3): 200–3. doi:10.1046/j.1464-410x.2003.04307.x. PMID 12887467.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Shaw J (2008). “Diagnosis and treatment of testicular cancer”. Am Fam Physician. 77 (4): 469–74. PMID 18326165.
↑ Tiemstra JD, Kapoor S (2008). “Evaluation of scrotal masses”. Am Fam Physician. 78 (10): 1165–70. PMID 19035065.
↑ Jacobsen FM, Rudlang TM, Fode M, Østergren PB, Sønksen J, Ohl DA; et al. (2019). “The Impact of Testicular Torsion on Testicular Function”. World J Mens Health. doi:10.5534/wjmh.190037. PMID 31081295.

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[pmid12887467-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Visser AJ, Heyns CF (2003). “Testicular function after torsion of the spermatic cord”. BJU Int. 92 (3): 200–3. doi:10.1046/j.1464-410x.2003.04307.x. PMID 12887467.

[pmid18326165-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Shaw J (2008). “Diagnosis and treatment of testicular cancer”. Am Fam Physician. 77 (4): 469–74. PMID 18326165.

[pmid19035065-3] Tiemstra JD, Kapoor S (2008). “Evaluation of scrotal masses”. Am Fam Physician. 78 (10): 1165–70. PMID 19035065.

[pmid31081295-4] Jacobsen FM, Rudlang TM, Fode M, Østergren PB, Sønksen J, Ohl DA; et al. (2019). “The Impact of Testicular Torsion on Testicular Function”. World J Mens Health. doi:10.5534/wjmh.190037. PMID 31081295.

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