Second degree AV block echocardiography
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sara Zand, M.D.[2]
Overview
Overview
Echocardiography is useful for finding the underlying structural heart disease including left ventricular systolic dysfunction in patients with atrioventricular block, especially in the presence of LBBB pattern on resting ECG.
Echocardiography
- Echocardiography is useful for finding the underlying structural heart disease including left ventricular systolic dysfunction in patients with atrioventricular block, especially in the presence of LBBB pattern on resting ECG.
- Echocardiography can be initial evaluation in patients presented with bradycardia associated with atrioventricular block for finding the underlying cardiomyopathy, valvular heart disease, congenital anomalies, tumors, infections, infiltrative processes, immunologically mediated conditions, and diseases of the great vessels and pericardium especially with manifestation of cardiac syncope.[1]
| Recommendations for Echocardiography in Bradycardia or Conduction disorder |
| Echocardiography (Class I, Level of Evidence B): |
|
❑ Echocardiography is recommended in patients with newly identified LBBB, second-degree Mobitz type II atrioventricular block, high-grade atrioventricular block, or third-degree atrioventricular block with or without apparent structural heart disease or coronary artery disease |
| Echocardiography ( Class IIa, Level of Evidence B) : |
|
❑ Echocardiography is recommended in suspicion of structural heart disease in patients presented with bradycardia or conduction disorders other than LBBB, second-degreeMobitz type II atrioventricular block, high-grade atrioventricular block, or third-degree atrioventricular block |
Abbreviations:
LBBB: Left bundle branch block
| The above table adopted from 2018 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline[2] |
|---|
Editor(s)-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson M.S., M.D. [1] Phone:617-525-6884 ; Eli V. Gelfand, M.D. [2]
Overview
Echocardiography
- Echocardiography (echo) is a test that uses sound waves to create a moving picture of your heart. The picture shows how well your heart is working and its size and shape. There are several types of echo, including stress echo.
- Stress echo can show whether you have decreased blood flow to your heart, a sign of coronary heart disease. Another type of echo is transesophageal (tranz-ih-sof-uh-JEE-ul) echo, or TEE.
- TEE provides a view of the back of the heart. For this test, a sound wave wand is put on the end of a special tube. The tube is gently passed down your throat and into your esophagus (the passage leading from your mouth to your stomach). Because this passage is right behind the heart,
General Principles of Echocardiography
- Basic physical principles of ultrasound
- Quantification of pressure gradients
- Echocardiographic evaluation of ventricular dyssynchrony
- Echocardiography terminology
- Guidelines for echocardiography
Principal Echocardiographic Modalities
- Transthoracic echo (TTE): standard views and measurements
- Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE): standard views
- M-mode echo: principles and classic findings
- Doppler echocardiography
- Tissue Doppler imaging
- Contrast echocardiography
- Stress echocardiography
- Three-dimensional echocardiography
- Myocardial contrast echocardiography
- Intraoperative echocardiography
Echocardiographic Diagnosis and Evaluation of Specific Cardiovascular Disorders
- Echo in emergencies
- Echo in coronary artery disease
- Echo in pericardial diseases: effusion, cardiac tamponade, constriction
- Echo in dilated cardiomyopathies
- Echo in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- Echo in restrictive cardiomyopathies
- Echo in pulmonary hypertension
- Echo in pulmonary embolism
- Endocarditis (TTE and TEE)
- Echo in patients with atrial fibrillation
- Echo in cardiac tumors and masses
- Echo in diseases of the aorta
- Echo in congenital heart disease
- Echo in non-cardiac systemic disease
Miscellaneous
References
References
References
- ↑ Douglas PS, Garcia MJ, Haines DE, Lai WW, Manning WJ, Patel AR, Picard MH, Polk DM, Ragosta M, Parker Ward R, Weiner RB (March 2011). “ACCF/ASE/AHA/ASNC/HFSA/HRS/SCAI/SCCM/SCCT/SCMR 2011 Appropriate Use Criteria for Echocardiography. A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Appropriate Use Criteria Task Force, American Society of Echocardiography, American Heart Association, American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, Heart Failure Society of America, Heart Rhythm Society, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Critical Care Medicine, Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance American College of Chest Physicians”. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 24 (3): 229–67. doi:10.1016/j.echo.2010.12.008. PMID 21338862.
- ↑ Kusumoto, Fred M.; Schoenfeld, Mark H.; Barrett, Coletta; Edgerton, James R.; Ellenbogen, Kenneth A.; Gold, Michael R.; Goldschlager, Nora F.; Hamilton, Robert M.; Joglar, José A.; Kim, Robert J.; Lee, Richard; Marine, Joseph E.; McLeod, Christopher J.; Oken, Keith R.; Patton, Kristen K.; Pellegrini, Cara N.; Selzman, Kimberly A.; Thompson, Annemarie; Varosy, Paul D. (2019). “2018 ACC/AHA/HRS Guideline on the Evaluation and Management of Patients With Bradycardia and Cardiac Conduction Delay: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society”. Circulation. 140 (8). doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000628. ISSN 0009-7322.
Looking for the patient version?
© 2026 MyEClinic – IFTM Institut für Telematik in der Medizin GmbH