Health Dictionary
Reliable, easy-to-read patient information on common medical conditions — written in plain language, free of jargon, and grounded in current evidence. Browse the most frequent diagnoses, understand what they mean for everyday life, and learn which steps and questions help you have a focused conversation with your doctor.
Shoulder dislocation
Introduction
Overview
Overview
A shoulder dislocation usually occurs as a result of force to a joint. The bone is pushed out of the socket, which may cause damage to the surrounding ligaments, tendons, and nerves.
References
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Jumana Nagarwala, M.D., Senior Staff Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital; Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]
Historical Perspective
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References
Classification
Classification
Anterior dislocation is usually the result of direct or indirect trauma, with the arm forced into abduction and external rotation. It is the most frequent type of shoulder dislocation (represents more than 90% of injuries).
In posterior dislocation, the humeral head is forced posteriorly in internal rotation. Posterior dislocations account for 2%–4% of all shoulder dislocations. In adults, convulsive disorder is the most common cause. Electrocution is a classic but uncommon cause of posterior shoulder dislocation. Bilateral dislocations are not infrequent.
References
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Jumana Nagarwala, M.D., Senior Staff Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital; Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]
Pathophysiology
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Pathophysiology
Associated Conditions
- Hill-Sach lesions (describes a characteristic defect of the posterolateral surface of the humeral head, and represents a compression fracture)
- Labral lesions (i.e., Bankart lesion)
- Bony glenoid lesions – Osseous anterior glenoid rim fractures (44%), bony Bankart lesions, fracture of the greater tuberosity
- Intraarticular loose body
- Rotator cuff lesions – Supraspinatus tears or subscapularis tears
References
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Jumana Nagarwala, M.D., Senior Staff Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital; Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]
Causes
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References
Differentiating Shoulder Dislocation from other Conditions
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References
Epidemiology and Demographics
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References
Risk Factors
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References
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
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References
Diagnosis
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | X Ray | CT | MRI | Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Treatment
Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Jumana Nagarwala, M.D., Senior Staff Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital; Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]