Health Dictionary
Reliable, easy-to-read patient information on common medical conditions — written in plain language, free of jargon, and grounded in current evidence. Browse the most frequent diagnoses, understand what they mean for everyday life, and learn which steps and questions help you have a focused conversation with your doctor.
Sjögren's syndrome physical examination
Introduction
Overview
Overview
Physical examination of patients with is usually remarkable for dryness of all mucous membranes such as mouth, eyes, lips, anal and rectal.
Physical Examination
Physical Examination
- Physical examination of patients with is usually remarkable for dryness of all mucous membranes such as mouth, eyes, lips, anal and rectal.[1][2][3][4][5][6]
Appearance of the Patient
- Patients with Sjögren’s syndrome usually appear good.
Vital Signs
- Vital sign might be normal.
Skin
- Dryness
- Scaling
- Partial or complete loss of sweating
- Dry, sparse, and brittle hair
- Diffuse alopecia may involve the scalp, limbs, axilla, or pubis
- Nail folds may show capillaroscopic abnormalities
- Nonpalpable or palpable, vasculitic purpura, 2-3 mm lesions on the lower extremities
- Annular erythema with scales on the face and neck
HEENT
- Mucous dryness
- Red, smooth, and dry tongue
- Hyperlobulated tongue with loss of filiform papillae
- Absence of salivary pooling under the tongue
- Dental caries
- Gingival inflammation
- Red, dry, and scaly lips
- Cracks at the corners of the mouth
- Chronic oral candidiasis
Neck
- Bilateral parotid gland enlargement
Lungs
Heart
- Cardiovascular examination of patients with Sjögren’s syndrome is usually normal.
Abdomen
Back
- Back examination of patients with Sjögren’s syndrome is usually normal.
Genitourinary
- Irritated bladder
- Suprapubic tenderness
- Atrophic changes in the vulva and vagin
- Dryness of the anal and rectal mucous membranes
Neuromuscular
- Patient is usually oriented to persons, place, and time.
- Glasgow coma scale is 15/15
- Paraparesis maybe present
- Paraplegia may be present
Extremities
- Symmetrical, polyarticular, inflammatory arthritis
References
References
- ↑ Lopate G, Pestronk A, Al-Lozi M, Lynch T, Florence J, Miller T, Levine T, Rampy T, Beson B, Ramneantu I (May 2006). “Peripheral neuropathy in an outpatient cohort of patients with Sjögren’s syndrome”. Muscle Nerve. 33 (5): 672–6. doi:10.1002/mus.20514. PMID 16453296.
- ↑ Antoniazzi RP, Miranda LA, Zanatta FB, Islabão AG, Gustafsson A, Chiapinotto GA, Oppermann RV (March 2009). “Periodontal conditions of individuals with Sjögren’s syndrome”. J. Periodontol. 80 (3): 429–35. doi:10.1902/jop.2009.080350. PMID 19254127.
- ↑ Riccieri V, Sciarra I, Ceccarelli F, Alessandri C, Croia C, Vasile M, Modesti MG, Priori R, Valesini G (June 2009). “Nailfold capillaroscopy abnormalities are associated with the presence of anti-endothelial cell antibodies in Sjogren’s syndrome”. Rheumatology (Oxford). 48 (6): 704–6. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kep051. PMID 19307256.
- ↑ Ren H, Wang WM, Chen XN, Zhang W, Pan XX, Wang XL, Lin Y, Zhang S, Chen N (February 2008). “Renal involvement and followup of 130 patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome”. J. Rheumatol. 35 (2): 278–84. PMID 18085734.
- ↑ Versura P, Frigato M, Cellini M, Mulè R, Malavolta N, Campos EC (February 2007). “Diagnostic performance of tear function tests in Sjogren’s syndrome patients”. Eye (Lond). 21 (2): 229–37. doi:10.1038/sj.eye.6702204. PMID 16397619.
- ↑ Lemp MA (September 2008). “Advances in understanding and managing dry eye disease”. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 146 (3): 350–356. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2008.05.016. PMID 18599017.
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Farima Kahe M.D. [2]