Surgical options may need to be explored for those who do not respond to steroids. Re-perfusion of tissue can be achieved by large vessel reconstructive surgery such as bypass grafting.

• Surgical intervention is recommended for the management of Takayasu’s arteritis. Indications for surgical repair or angioplasty are as follow:^[1]
  • Renovascular stenosis causing hypertension
  • Coronary artery stenosis leading to myocardial ischemia
  • Extremity claudication induced by routine activity
  • Cerebral ischemia
  • Critical stenosis of 3 or more cerebral vessels
  • Aortic regurgitation
  • Thoracic or abdominal aneurysms larger than 5 cm in diameter
  • Severe coarctation of the aorta

• Surgery is not the first-line treatment option for patients with Takayasu’s arteritis.
• Different surgical techniques might be used in patients with severe stenotic lesions during periods of remission such as:
  • Bypass graft surgery
  • Angioplasty
  • Surgical revascularization