The heart in Grave's disease (overactive thyroid)

Grave’s disease is the most frequent reason (approximately 60-90%) of thyrotoxicosis that results from thyroid hormone excess and 10 times more frequently occurs in women than in men.

1. Palpitations due to;

• Sinus tachycardia (at rest, at sleep sleep, and during exercise) is the most frequently observed rhythm disturbances.

• Atrial arrhythmias (premature atrial contractions, atrial fibrillations, less frequently atrial tachycardia and atrial flutter may be seen

• Ventricular arrhythmias are rare

2. Exercise intolerance

3. Dyspnea on exertion

4. Chest pain

5. Pretibial edema

6. Dilated cardiomyopathy: Cardiomyopathy may be reversible ^[1] or resistant ^[2] to treatment.

7. Congestive heart failure (especially in elderly patients)

Patients with atrial fibrillation should monitored and properly anticoagulated to prevent embolic complications and stroke.

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