Thromboembolism history and symptoms

It is vital that the possibility of pulmonary embolism be included in the history, as this may warrant further investigation (see pulmonary embolism).

A careful history has to be taken considering risk factors of thromboembolism, including the use of estrogen-containing methods of hormonal contraception, recent long-haul flying, and a history of miscarriage (which is a feature of several disorders that can also cause thrombosis). A family history can reveal a hereditary factor in the development of DVT.

The symptoms and signs of thromboembolism may include:

• Tachypnea
• Dyspnea
• Chest pain
• Discomfort in the legs
• Pleuritic pain
• Apprehension and anxiety
• Cough
• Tachycardia
• Syncope
• Right heart failure

• Jugular venous distention
• Hepatomegaly
• Left parasternal heave

• Fixed splitting of the second heart sound
• Dilation of the surface veins
• Hemoptysis
• Fever
• Hyperemia in thrombosis, pallor in embolism
• Local swelling
• Local pain
• Tenderness
• Very low blood pressure
• Lightheadedness

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